TABLE 5.
Course of experimental parasite and prion infections in mice with disrupted LTβR signaling
| Pathogen/disease | LT/TNF ligand/receptor−/− mouse/inhibitor | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toxoplasma gondii | LTα−/−, TNF-α−/−, TNF/LTα−/− | Lethal course of acute necrotizing Toxoplasma encephalitis, reduced early gamma interferon secretion, diminished IgM and IgG titers | 62 |
| Leishmania major | LTβ−/−, LTβ−/− → wt bone marrow chimera, wt → LTβ−/− bone marrow chimera | Lethal course of leishmaniasis in resistant mouse strain in the absence of local lymph nodes; local lymph nodes required for anti-leishmania immune response | 70 |
| Leishmania donovani | LTα−/−, TNFα−/−, LTα−/− → wt bone marrow chimera; TNF-α−/− → wt bone marrow chimera | Increased susceptibility of LTα−/− and TNF-α−/− mice, LTα and TNF-α from hematopoietic cells regulate migration of leukocytes in liver; LTα controls migration from periportal areas; TNF-α regulates leukocyte recruitment to liver | 15 |
| Cerebral malaria | LTα−/−, TNF-α−/−, wt → LTα−/− bone marrow chimera | Loss of susceptibility to cerebral malaria in LTα−/− mice, secretion of LTα by radioresistant cell population in the brain | 16 |
| Trypanosoma brucei | LTα−/−, TNF/LTα−/− | Early trypanosomiasis unaltered in LTα−/− mice, increased survival of LTα−/− mice, and increased IgM/IgG2a serum antibody titers; control of infection in TNF/LTα−/− mice with reduced infection-induced pathology | 43 |
| Scrapie | LTα−/−, LTβ−/−, LTβR−/−, TNF/LTα−/− | Resistance to i.p. infection | 54 |
| TNFR-I−/− TNFR-II−/−, TNF-α−/− | Susceptibility to i.p. infection | ||
| LTα−/−, LTβ−/− | Susceptibility to oral infection in LTα−/− mice, resistance to oral infection in LTβ−/− mice | 50 | |
| Treatment with LTβRIgG | Reduced prion accumulation, reduction of disease susceptibility following i.p. infection, prevention of prion accumulation in Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes and of neuroinvasion following oral infection | 41 |