FIGURE 7.
(A) Sample histograms of the forces 
for membrane unbinding from the cell cytostructure. Obtained from the linear fits to initial elastic regimes at four pulling speeds from 2 to 150 μm/s, the mean loading rates rf (± SD) are given at the top of each histogram for each pulling speed. Superposed on the distributions are the probability densities (solid curves) modeled by the theory for kinetically limited failure of a single bond, given a failure rate that increases exponentially with pulling force according to the relation, kunbind(f) ≈ (0.7–1.7/s) exp(f / 17 pN). (B) The mean values (solid squares, ± SD) of membrane unbinding force measured at pulling speeds from 2 to 150 μm/s are plotted versus the logarithms of the mean loading rates (± SD) to demonstrate the full range of experimental data. The slope of the dashed-line fit (17 pN) was used to define the force scale for exponentiation of the failure rate.