Table 4.

Heuristic example of the failure of pairwise LD to capture higher-level LD. The four haplotypes occur with equal probability ¼ in the population. Pairwise LD, as measured by r² (but true also of any measure of LD reviewed by Devlin and Risch 1995) fluctuates in a peculiar pattern and fails to capture the higher-level features of LD, namely that only 4 of the possible 32 haplotypes occur in the population