. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Oct 15.

Published in final edited form as: Biochem Pharmacol. 2007 Jun 17;74(8):1224–1234. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.015

Table 1.

Summary of the studies testing nicotine or a nicotinic agonist in Parkinson’s disease patients

Study	Test agent	Type of study	^# subjects	Duration		Final dose/day	Anti-parkinsonian effect
Study	Test agent	Type of study	^# subjects	Dose titration	Dose maintenance	Final dose/day	Anti-parkinsonian effect
Ishikawa & Miyatake, 1993	Smoking and nicotine gum	Open-label	6	Chronic smoker		NA	Yes
Fagerstrom et al., 1994	Nicotine gum and patch	Open-label	2	≥ 7 mo		15 mg patch + gum	Yes
Clemens et al., 1995	Nicotine gum	Double-blinded placebo-controlled	48	ND	1 day	3 × 2 mg	No
Ebersbach et al., 1999	Nicotine patch	Double-blinded crossover	16	ND	12 hours	7 mg^#	No
Kelton et al., 2000	Nicotine iv and patch	Open-label	15	2 wk	1 wk	14 mg	Yes
Vieregge et al., 2001	Nicotine patch	Double-blinded placebo-controlled	32	1 wk	2 wk	14 mg	No
Mitsuoka et al., 2002	Nicotine gum	Open-label	8	ND	1 day	NA	Yes
Lemay et al., 2004	Nicotine patch	Open-label	22	22 days	3 days	21 mg	No
Shoulson et al., 2006	SIB-1508Y	Double-blinded placebo controlled	77	2 wk	2 wk	10 mg	No

Used the 35 mg patch, of which 14 mg is absorbed over 24 h, or 7 mg over 12 h. ND – not done; NA, not available.