Abstract
Using gel filtration and preparative isotachophoresis, the migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was highly purified from human lymphocytes activated with concanavalin A. MIF is an acidic protein with a mol wt of approximately equal to 25,000 daltons as determined by gel filtration and analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The protein inhibits migration of macrophages in the capillary test and in addition, has a slowing effect on the electrophoretic mobility of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. Rabbit antibodies specific for this protein, as determined by immunochemical techniques, neutralized the biological effect of MIF on migration and on the electrophoretic mobility of macrophages.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (2.1 MB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Axelsen N. H., Bock E. Identification and quantitation of antigens and antibodies by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. A survey of methods. J Immunol Methods. 1972 Jan;1(2):109–121. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(72)90038-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bendtzen K. The production of heterologous antibodies to the human lymphakine: leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF). Cell Immunol. 1977 Mar 15;29(2):382–393. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(77)90333-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Böyum A. Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. Isolation of monuclear cells by one centrifugation, and of granulocytes by combining centrifugation and sedimentation at 1 g. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 1968;97:77–89. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CASPARY E. A., FIELD E. J. AN ENCEPHALITOGENIC PROTEIN OF HUMAN ORIGIN: SOME CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1965 Mar 31;122:182–198. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb20202.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carnegie P. R., Caspary E. A., Dickinson J. P., Field E. J. The macrophage electrophoretic migration (MEM) test for lymphocyte sensitization. A study of the kinetics. Clin Exp Immunol. 1973 May;14(1):37–45. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- David J. R. Delayed hypersensitivity in vitro: its mediation by cell-free substances formed by lymphoid cell-antigen interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1966 Jul;56(1):72–77. doi: 10.1073/pnas.56.1.72. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- David J. R. Macrophage activation by lymphocyte mediators. Fed Proc. 1975 Jul;34(8):1730–1736. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Field E. J., Caspary E. A., Smith K. S. Macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test in cancer: a critical evaluation. Br J Cancer Suppl. 1973 Aug;1:208–214. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Geczy C. L., Friedrich W., de Weck A. L. Production and in vivo effect of antibodies against guinea pig lymphokines. Cell Immunol. 1975 Sep;19(1):65–77. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(75)90292-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Granger G. A., Kolb W. P. Lymphocyte in vitro cytotoxicity: mechanisms of immune and non-immune small lymphocyte mediated target L cell destruction. J Immunol. 1968 Jul;101(1):111–120. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LAURELL C. B. ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY CROSSED ELECTROPHORESIS. Anal Biochem. 1965 Feb;10:358–361. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(65)90278-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ORNSTEIN L. DISC ELECTROPHORESIS. I. BACKGROUND AND THEORY. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1964 Dec 28;121:321–349. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb14207.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Preece A. W., Light P. A. The macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test for malignant disease. Further clinical investigations and studies on macrophage slowing factors. Clin Exp Immunol. 1974 Dec;18(4):543–552. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Remold H. G., Katz A. B., Haber E., David J. R. Studies on migration inhibitory factor (MIF): recovery of MIF activity after purification by gel filtration and disc electrophoresis. Cell Immunol. 1970 May;1(1):133–145. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(70)90066-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rocklin R. E., Remold H. G., David J. R. Characterization of human migration inhibitory factor (MIF) from antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. Cell Immunol. 1972 Nov;5(3):436–445. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(72)90070-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shapiro A. L., Viñuela E., Maizel J. V., Jr Molecular weight estimation of polypeptide chains by electrophoresis in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1967 Sep 7;28(5):815–820. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(67)90391-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sorg C., Bloom B. R. Products of activated lymphocytes. I. The use of radiolabeling techniques in the characterization and partial purification of the migration inhibition factor of the guinea pig. J Exp Med. 1973 Jan 1;137(1):148–170. doi: 10.1084/jem.137.1.148. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weber K., Osborn M. The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J Biol Chem. 1969 Aug 25;244(16):4406–4412. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]