Table 1.
Interaction between HLA-INS (-23HphI), HLA-PTPN22 (Arg620Trp) and HLA-CTLA4 (JO27_1) in the case–control data set using logistic regression
| HLA categorya | Non-HLA genotypes | Cases | Controls | OR | 95% CI | Test for interaction (p value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |||||
| INSb | 0.67 | |||||
| High risk | I-I | 218 (25.2) | 20 (2.8) | 1.56 | 0.76–3.21 | |
| III+ | 98 (28.6) | 14 (2.5) | 1 | |||
| Intermediate risk | I-I | 412 (47.6) | 122 (17.1) | 2.10 | 1.52–2.89 | |
| III+ | 160 (46.8) | 99 (17.4) | 1 | |||
| Neutral risk | I-I | 221 (25.5) | 346 (48.5) | 2.34 | 1.74–3.15 | |
| III+ | 81 (23.7) | 299 (52.6) | 1 | |||
| Low risk | I-I | 14 (1.6) | 225 (31.6) | 3.26 | 0.92–11.54 | |
| III+ | 3 (0.9) | 156 (27.5) | 1 | |||
| Total | 1207 | 1281 | ||||
| PTPN22 | 0.024 | |||||
| High risk | TT + TC | 89 (23.2) | 8 (3.1) | 1.26 | 0.55–2.88 | |
| CC | 237 (27.8) | 27 (2.6) | 1 | |||
| Intermediate risk | TT + TC | 177 (46.1) | 55 (21.2) | 1.31 | 0.91–1.86 | |
| CC | 406 (47.7) | 164 (15.6) | 1 | |||
| Neutral risk | TT + TC | 111 (28.9) | 121 (46.7) | 2.44 | 1.80–3.31 | |
| CC | 199 (23.4) | 536 (51.0) | 1 | |||
| Low risk | TT + TC | 7 (1.8) | 75 (29.0) | 3.27 | 1.18–9.06 | |
| CC | 9 (1.1) | 323 (30.8) | 1 | |||
| Total | 1235 | 1309 | ||||
| CTLA4 | 0.53 | |||||
| High risk | TT | 122 (24.9) | 14 (3.6) | 0.90 | 0.45–1.84 | |
| TC-CC | 210 (27.9) | 22 (2.5) | 1 | |||
| Intermediate risk | TT | 241 (49.2) | 65 (16.5) | 1.59 | 1.14–2.23 | |
| TC-CC | 346 (46.0) | 148 (16.7) | 1 | |||
| Neutral risk | TT | 121 (24.7) | 212 (53.8) | 1.34 | 1.01–1.77 | |
| TC-CC | 187 (24.9) | 439 (49.7) | 1 | |||
| Low risk | TT | 6 (1.2) | 103 (26.1) | 1.80 | 0.63–5.18 | |
| TC-CC | 9 (1.2) | 275 (31.1) | 1 | |||
| Total | 1242 | 1278 |
n, Number of cases/controls
aHLA risk categories: high risk, DQA1*03-DQB1*0302/DQA1*05-DQB1*0201 (DQ8/DQ2), where DRB1≠0404; low risk, at least one DQB1*0602 allele independent of genotype on the other allele; intermediate risk, DRB1*0404-DQ8/DR3-DQ2, DR3-DQ2/DR3-DQ2, DR4-DQ8/DR4-DQ8 (excluding homozygous DRB1 0404), DRB1*0401 or 040x-DQ8/X (X≠DQB1*0602 or DR3). The remaining haplotypes were grouped in the neutral risk category (see Methods)
bRepresents genotypes III/III and I/III