Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1986 Dec;60(3):840–848. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.3.840-848.1986

Genetic analysis of p60v-src domains involved in the induction of different cell transformation parameters.

R Jove, B J Mayer, H Iba, D Laugier, F Poirier, G Calothy, T Hanafusa, H Hanafusa
PMCID: PMC253302  PMID: 3023673

Abstract

The expression of p60v-src in chicken cells infected with Rous sarcoma virus causes stimulation of cell proliferation, morphological alteration, and anchorage independence. PA101 and PA104 are temperature-sensitive variants encoding mutant p60v-src proteins that are partially defective in the induction of these transformation parameters. To define the structural basis for the transformation defectiveness of the p60v-src mutants, the v-src genes of PA101 and PA104 were molecularly cloned and analyzed. Amino- and carboxy-terminal coding regions of the cloned mutant genes were exchanged with the corresponding regions of cloned wild-type v-src and chicken c-src genes, reconstructed into viral DNA, and expressed in infected cells maintained at various temperatures. This analysis revealed that lesions within the tyrosine kinase domains of the two mutant proteins confer temperature sensitivity on all three transformation functions of p60v-src. An amino-terminal region of the PA101 mutant protein, which coincides with the proposed modulatory domain and appears to interact with the kinase domain, affects morphological alteration in a temperature-independent manner. Our results suggest that the function of the kinase domain is essential to all three parameters examined, whereas the amino-terminal domain is important in determining cell morphology.

Full text

PDF
840

Images in this article

844Image
on p.844
845Image
on p.845

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson D. D., Beckmann R. P., Harms E. H., Nakamura K., Weber M. J. Biological properties of "partial" transformation mutants of Rous sarcoma virus and characterization of their pp60src kinase. J Virol. 1981 Jan;37(1):445–458. doi: 10.1128/jvi.37.1.445-458.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Becker D., Kurth R., Critchley D., Friis R., Bauer H. Distinguishable transformation-defective phenotypes among temperature-sensitive mutants of Rous sarcoma virus. J Virol. 1977 Mar;21(3):1042–1055. doi: 10.1128/jvi.21.3.1042-1055.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brugge J. S., Darrow D. Analysis of the catalytic domain of phosphotransferase activity of two avian sarcoma virus-transforming proteins. J Biol Chem. 1984 Apr 10;259(7):4550–4557. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Calothy G., Poirier F., Dambrine G., Mignatti P., Combes P., Pessac B. Expression of viral oncogenes in differentiating chick embryo neuroretinal cells infected with avian tumor viruses. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 2):983–990. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Calothy G., Poirier F., Dambrine G., Pessac B. A transformation defective mutant of Rous sarcoma virus inducing chick embryo neuroretinal cell proliferation. Virology. 1978 Aug;89(1):75–84. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90041-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cross F. R., Garber E. A., Hanafusa H. N-terminal deletions in Rous sarcoma virus p60src: effects on tyrosine kinase and biological activities and on recombination in tissue culture with the cellular src gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;5(10):2789–2795. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2789. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cross F. R., Garber E. A., Pellman D., Hanafusa H. A short sequence in the p60src N terminus is required for p60src myristylation and membrane association and for cell transformation. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Sep;4(9):1834–1842. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.9.1834. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cross F. R., Hanafusa H. Local mutagenesis of Rous sarcoma virus: the major sites of tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of pp60src are dispensable for transformation. Cell. 1983 Sep;34(2):597–607. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90392-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Czernilofsky A. P., Levinson A. D., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M., Tischer E., Goodman H. Corrections to the nucleotide sequence of the src gene of Rous sarcoma virus. Nature. 1983 Feb 24;301(5902):736–738. doi: 10.1038/301736b0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. DeLorbe W. J., Luciw P. A., Goodman H. M., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M. Molecular cloning and characterization of avian sarcoma virus circular DNA molecules. J Virol. 1980 Oct;36(1):50–61. doi: 10.1128/jvi.36.1.50-61.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fujita D. J., Bechberger J., Nedic I. Four Rous sarcoma virus mutants which affect transformed cell morphology exhibit altered src gene products. Virology. 1981 Oct 15;114(1):256–260. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90272-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Garber E. A., Cross F. R., Hanafusa H. Processing of p60v-src to its myristylated membrane-bound form. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;5(10):2781–2788. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2781. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hanafusa H., Halpern C. C., Buchhagen D. L., Kawai S. Recovery of avian sarcoma virus from tumors induced by transformation-defective mutants. J Exp Med. 1977 Dec 1;146(6):1735–1747. doi: 10.1084/jem.146.6.1735. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hanafusa H. Rapid transformation of cells by Rous sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Jun;63(2):318–325. doi: 10.1073/pnas.63.2.318. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Highfield P. E., Rafield L. F., Gilmer T. M., Parsons J. T. Molecular cloning of avian sarcoma virus closed circular DNA: structural and biological characterization of three recombinant clones. J Virol. 1980 Oct;36(1):271–279. doi: 10.1128/jvi.36.1.271-279.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hunter T., Cooper J. A. Protein-tyrosine kinases. Annu Rev Biochem. 1985;54:897–930. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.004341. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Iba H., Jove R., Hanafusa H. Lack of induction of neuroretinal cell proliferation by Rous sarcoma virus variants that carry the c-src gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;5(10):2856–2859. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2856. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Iba H., Takeya T., Cross F. R., Hanafusa T., Hanafusa H. Rous sarcoma virus variants that carry the cellular src gene instead of the viral src gene cannot transform chicken embryo fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(14):4424–4428. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.14.4424. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Jove R., Garber E. A., Iba H., Hanafusa H. Biochemical properties of p60v-src mutants that induce different cell transformation parameters. J Virol. 1986 Dec;60(3):849–857. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.3.849-857.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kitamura N., Yoshida M. Small deletion in src of Rous sarcoma virus modifying transformation phenotypes: identification of 207-nucleotide deletion and its smaller product with protein kinase activity. J Virol. 1983 Jun;46(3):985–992. doi: 10.1128/jvi.46.3.985-992.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Levinson A. D., Courtneidge S. A., Bishop J. M. Structural and functional domains of the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein (pp60src). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Mar;78(3):1624–1628. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.3.1624. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Levy J. B., Iba H., Hanafusa H. Activation of the transforming potential of p60c-src by a single amino acid change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(12):4228–4232. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.12.4228. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Mayer B. J., Jove R., Krane J. F., Poirier F., Calothy G., Hanafusa H. Genetic lesions involved in temperature sensitivity of the src gene products of four Rous sarcoma virus mutants. J Virol. 1986 Dec;60(3):858–867. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.3.858-867.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Neckameyer W. S., Wang L. H. Nucleotide sequence of avian sarcoma virus UR2 and comparison of its transforming gene with other members of the tyrosine protein kinase oncogene family. J Virol. 1985 Mar;53(3):879–884. doi: 10.1128/jvi.53.3.879-884.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Nishizawa M., Mayer B. J., Takeya T., Yamamoto T., Toyoshima K., Hanafusa H., Kawai S. Two independent mutations are required for temperature-sensitive cell transformation by a Rous sarcoma virus temperature-sensitive mutant. J Virol. 1985 Dec;56(3):743–749. doi: 10.1128/jvi.56.3.743-749.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Parker R. C., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M. Expression of v-src and chicken c-src in rat cells demonstrates qualitative differences between pp60v-src and pp60c-src. Cell. 1984 May;37(1):131–139. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90308-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Pellman D., Garber E. A., Cross F. R., Hanafusa H. An N-terminal peptide from p60src can direct myristylation and plasma membrane localization when fused to heterologous proteins. 1985 Mar 28-Apr 3Nature. 314(6009):374–377. doi: 10.1038/314374a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Pellman D., Garber E. A., Cross F. R., Hanafusa H. Fine structural mapping of a critical NH2-terminal region of p60src. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Mar;82(6):1623–1627. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.6.1623. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Pessac B., Calothy G. Transformation of chick embryo neuroretinal cells by Rous sarcoma virus in vitro: induction of cell proliferation. Science. 1974 Aug;185(4152):709–710. doi: 10.1126/science.185.4152.709. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Poirier F., Calothy G., Karess R. E., Erikson E., Hanafusa H. Role of p60src kinase activity in the induction of neuroretinal cell proliferation by rous sarcoma virus. J Virol. 1982 Jun;42(3):780–789. doi: 10.1128/jvi.42.3.780-789.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Poirier F., Jullien P., Dezelee P., Dambrine G., Esnault E., Benatre A., Calothy G. Role of the mitogenic property and kinase activity of p60src in tumor formation by Rous sarcoma virus. J Virol. 1984 Feb;49(2):325–332. doi: 10.1128/jvi.49.2.325-332.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Schwartz D. E., Tizard R., Gilbert W. Nucleotide sequence of Rous sarcoma virus. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):853–869. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90071-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Shalloway D., Coussens P. M., Yaciuk P. Overexpression of the c-src protein does not induce transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):7071–7075. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.22.7071. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Shin S. I., Freedman V. H., Risser R., Pollack R. Tumorigenicity of virus-transformed cells in nude mice is correlated specifically with anchorage independent growth in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Nov;72(11):4435–4439. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.11.4435. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Stehelin D., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M., Vogt P. K. DNA related to the transforming gene(s) of avian sarcoma viruses is present in normal avian DNA. Nature. 1976 Mar 11;260(5547):170–173. doi: 10.1038/260170a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Stoker A. W., Enrietto P. J., Wyke J. A. Functional domains of the pp60v-src protein as revealed by analysis of temperature-sensitive Rous sarcoma virus mutants. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Aug;4(8):1508–1514. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.8.1508. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Sudol M., Lerner T. L., Hanafusa H. Polymerase-defective mutant of the Bryan high-titer strain of Rous sarcoma virus. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Mar 11;14(5):2391–2405. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.5.2391. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Takeya T., Feldman R. A., Hanafusa H. DNA sequence of the viral and cellular src gene of chickens. 1. Complete nucleotide sequence of an EcoRI fragment of recovered avian sarcoma virus which codes for gp37 and pp60src. J Virol. 1982 Oct;44(1):1–11. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.1.1-11.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Takeya T., Hanafusa H. Structure and sequence of the cellular gene homologous to the RSV src gene and the mechanism for generating the transforming virus. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):881–890. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90073-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Tanaka A., Parker C., Kaji A. Stimulation of growth rate of chondrocytes by Rous sarcoma virus is not coordinated with other expressions of the src gene phenotype. J Virol. 1980 Aug;35(2):531–541. doi: 10.1128/jvi.35.2.531-541.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Weber M. J., Friis R. R. Dissociation of transformation parameters using temperature-conditional mutants of Rous sarcoma virus. Cell. 1979 Jan;16(1):25–32. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90184-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Wyke J. A., Linial M. Temperature-sensitive avian sarcoma viruses: a physiological comparison of twenty mutants. Virology. 1973 May;53(1):152–161. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90474-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES