Figure 2. Schematic representation of two NF-κB signaling pathways.
Activation of NF-κB can occur by classical or alternative pathway. Classical pathway involves the activation of IKKβ leading to phosphorylation and degradation of IκBs. The alternative pathway involves IKKα and leads to the phosphorylation of processing of p100, generating p52:relB heterodimers. NIK, NF-κB-inducing kinase; Ub, ubiquitin; MEKK3, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3.