Fig. 3.
HFD alters energy metabolism by aggravating pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and TNFR1 deletion counteracts negative energy balance. (A and B) Weight curves of p48-Kras mice and Kras control littermates on (A) a ND and (B) a HFD. (C) Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency was determined by Oil Red O staining of fecal specimens in p48-Kras mice on the HFD. (D–L) p48-Kras mice and control littermates on the HFD were housed individually in cages over 5 days ad libitum and (D) body weight, (E) food consumption, (F) energy uptake, and (G) feces production were recorded. (H) Following dehydration, the energy content of feces was measured by using bomb calorimetry. (I) Absolute metabolized energy and (J) mass-specific metabolized energy were calculated on the basis of the difference between total energy uptake and energy content of the feces. (K) Food assimilation coefficient was calculated by % ratio of energy uptake to metabolized energy. (L) Rectal body temperature was measured. (M–N) TNFR1−/−-p48-Kras mice and TNFR1−/−-Kras control littermates on the HFD were housed individually in cages over 5 days ad libitum and (M) feces production was recorded. (N) Following dehydration, feces energy content was measured by using bomb calorimetry. (O) Weight curves of female TNFR1−/−-p48-Kras mice and TNFR1−/−-Kras control littermates on the HFD. (P) Nonfasting plasma insulin values for female TNFR1−/−-p48-Kras mice and TNFR1−/−-Kras control littermates during the HFD regimen. (Q) Glucose clearance and insulin response curve during GTT in 6-month-old female TNFR1−/−-p48-Kras mice and TNFR1−/−-Kras control littermates on the HFD are shown with corresponding weight, fasting glucose, and insulin values during the test. Data are mean values ± SEM. n = 5–7 mice per genotype. *, P ≤ 0.05.