Table 3.
Pulmonary Function Mediates the Association of Muscle Strength with Mortality a
| Extremity Muscle Strength | Respiratory Muscle Strength | Pulmonary Function | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model A | HR, 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.83 | ||
| Est., −0.57; SE, 0.20; p=0.004 | |||
| Model B | HR, 0.63; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.83 | ||
| Est., −0.46; SE, 0.14; p<0.001 | |||
| Model C | HR, 0.47; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.62 | ||
| Est., −0.75; SE,0.13; p<0.001 | |||
| Model D | HR, 0.68 95% CI: 0.46, 1.01 | HR, 0.69; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.92 | |
| Est., −0.39; SE, 0.20; p=0.06 | Est., −0.37; SE, 0.15; p=0.01 | ||
| Model E | HR, 0.80; 95% CI: 0.60, 1.07 | HR, 0.52; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.68 | |
| Est., −0.22; SE, 0.15; p=0.13 | Est., −0.66; SE, 0.14; p<0.001 | ||
| Model F | HR, 0.76; 95% CI: 0.50, 1.15 | HR, 0.85; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.15 | HR, 0.53; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.71 |
| Est., −0.27; SE, 0.21; p=0.20 | Est., −0.17; SE, 0.15; p=0.28 | Est., −0.63; SE, 0.15; p<0.001 |
a
Based on Cox proportional hazards models with mortality as the outcome and all models adjusted for age, sex, education and BMI. Hazards Ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% C.I.) as well as estimates (Est.); standard error (S.E.) and significance (p value) are included for each of the predictors included in the different models examined.