Abstract
Cell monolayers were inoculated with 169 fresh and 76 previously frozen clinical specimens and examined for the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) by noting the appearance of characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE) and by using direct immunoperoxidase (IP) stain for viral antigen. HSV was detected by IP staining in 40 of 169 (23.7%) monolayers and by CPE in 39 of 169 (23.1%) monolayers inoculated with fresh specimens. All 40 isolates were detected and confirmed by IP staining within 24 h. Although 39 of 40 isolates were detected by CPE, only 9 of 39 (23%) were positive within 24 h. CPE was observed at 2.7 days on the average, but 4 days were required before 90% of the cultures were positive and more than 5 days were required before all HSV isolates were recognized. Similar results were observed for frozen specimens. HSV was detected earlier with IP staining, which demonstrated more extensive infection of cell monolayers inoculated with titrated fresh culture isolates and clinical specimens than did CPE. IP staining reduces the amount of time required for detection and identification of HSV in culture, is readily adaptable for use in the clinical laboratory, and permanent stained preparations can be made.
Full text
PDF



Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Becker Y., Hadar J. Antivirals 1980--an update. Prog Med Virol. 1980;26:1–44. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benjamin D. R. Rapid typing of herpes simplex virus strains using the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Appl Microbiol. 1974 Oct;28(4):568–571. doi: 10.1128/am.28.4.568-571.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benjamin D. R., Ray C. G. Use of immunoperoxidase on brain tissue for the rapid diagnosis of herpes encephalitis. Am J Clin Pathol. 1975 Oct;64(4):472–476. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/64.4.472. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benjamin D. R. Use of immunoperoxidase for rapid diagnosis of mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1977 Dec;6(6):571–573. doi: 10.1128/jcm.6.6.571-573.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Felman Y. M., Sonnabend J. A. Herpes simplex virus infections. N Y State J Med. 1979 Feb;79(2):179–185. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GRAHAM R. C., Jr, LUNDHOLM U., KARNOVSKY M. J. CYTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY WITH 3-AMINO-9-ETHYLCARBAZOLE. J Histochem Cytochem. 1965 Feb;13:150–152. doi: 10.1177/13.2.150. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Herrmann E. C., Jr, Herrmann J. A. Diagnosis of viral disease and the advent of antiviral drugs. Pharmacol Ther. 1979;7(1):35–69. doi: 10.1016/0163-7258(79)90024-X. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hirsch M. S., Swartz M. N. Drug therapy: antiviral agents (second of two parts). N Engl J Med. 1980 Apr 24;302(17):949–953. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198004243021705. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kibrick S. Herpes simplex infection at term. What to do with mother, newborn, and nursery personnel. JAMA. 1980 Jan 11;243(2):157–160. doi: 10.1001/jama.243.2.157. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marks M. I. Rapid identification of herpes simplex virus in tissue culture by direct immunofluorescence. J Lab Clin Med. 1971 Dec;78(6):963–968. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Merkel K. H., Zimmer M. Herpes simplex encephalitis. A modified indirect immunoperoxidase technique for rapid diagnosis in paraffin-embedded tissue. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1981 Jul;105(7):351–352. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Merkel K. H., Zimmer M. The immunoperoxidase method for rapid diagnosis of Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) using touch preparations. Am J Clin Pathol. 1982 May;77(5):605–607. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/77.5.605. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moseley R. C., Corey L., Benjamin D., Winter C., Remington M. L. Comparison of viral isolation, direct immunofluorescence, and indirect immunoperoxidase techniques for detection of genital herpes simplex virus infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1981 May;13(5):913–918. doi: 10.1128/jcm.13.5.913-918.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nahmias A. J., Roizman B. Infection with herpes-simplex viruses 1 and 2. 1. N Engl J Med. 1973 Sep 27;289(13):667–674. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197309272891305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nakane P K, Pierce G B., Jr Enzyme-labeled antibodies: preparation and application for the localization of antigens. J Histochem Cytochem. 1966 Dec;14(12):929–931. doi: 10.1177/14.12.929. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nakane P. K., Pierce G. B., Jr Enzyme-labeled antibodies for the light and electron microscopic localization of tissue antigens. J Cell Biol. 1967 May;33(2):307–318. doi: 10.1083/jcb.33.2.307. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nerurkar L. S., Jacob A. J., Madden D. L., Sever J. L. Detection of genital herpes simplex infections by a tissue culture-fluorescent-antibody technique with biotin-avidin. J Clin Microbiol. 1983 Jan;17(1):149–154. doi: 10.1128/jcm.17.1.149-154.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shabo A. L., Petricciani J. C., Kirschstein R. L. Identification of herpes simplex and vaccinia viruses in corneal cell cultures with immunoperoxidase: a light and electron microscopic study. Invest Ophthalmol. 1973 Nov;12(11):839–847. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith J. D., De Harven E. Herpes simplex virus and human cytomegalovirus replication in WI-38 cells. I. Sequence of viral replication. J Virol. 1973 Oct;12(4):919–930. doi: 10.1128/jvi.12.4.919-930.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tummon I. S., Dudley D. K., Walters J. H. Genital herpes simplex. Can Med Assoc J. 1981 Jul 1;125(1):23–29. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whitley R. J., Alford C. A. Antiviral agents: clinical status report. Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 1981 Jul;16(7):109–121. doi: 10.1080/21548331.1981.11946804. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whitley R. J., Nahmias A. J., Visintine A. M., Fleming C. L., Alford C. A. The natural history of herpes simplex virus infection of mother and newborn. Pediatrics. 1980 Oct;66(4):489–494. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]