TABLE 2.
Variation of inflammatory cells and markers of inflammation in the central and peripheral airways
| Central Airways
|
Peripheral Airways (< 3 mm in diameter)
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neutrophils | CD68 | CD4 | CD8 | IL-4 | IL-5 | Neutrophils | CD68 | CD4 | CD8 | |
| Mild/moderate COPD | → 102 | → 102 | → 102 | → 102 | ↓ 103 | → 103 | → 36, 104–106 | ↑ 106, 107 | → 36, 104–106 | ↑ 36 |
| → 36, 104, 105 | → 104–107 | |||||||||
| Chronic bronchitis with normal FEV1 |
— | — | — | — | ↑ 103 | → 103 | — | — | — | — |
| Control smokers | → 102 | → 102 | → 102 | → 102 | → 103 | → 103 | → 36, 104–106 | → 36, 104–107 | → 36, 104–107 | → 36, 104–107 |
Definition of abbreviations: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IL = interleukin.
↑ = significantly increased values in comparison with that indicated by →; → = basal values or values nonsignificantly changed; ↓ = significantly decreased values in comparison with that indicated by →. Numbers close to the arrows indicate references.
Adapted from Di Stefano and coworkers (12).