Figure 4. Signal integration by the TSC1–TSC2 complex.
The TSC1–TSC2 complex monitors growth conditions through multiple signalling pathways, which either inhibit or activate the complex to affect mTORC1 activity. See the text for details. Further abbreviations: Dvl, dishevelled; Frz, frizzled; MEK, MAPK/ERK kinase; TNFR, tumour-necrosis-factor receptor; VHL, von Hippel–Lindau tumour suppressor; VPS34, vacuolar protein sorting 34.