. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Aug 31.

Published in final edited form as: Biochem J. 2008 Jun 1;412(2):179–190. doi: 10.1042/BJ20080281

Table 1.

Sites on TSC1 and TSC2 with evidence of in vivo phosphorylation by known kinases

Site^*	Kinase	Conservation	Proposed function^†	Reference(s)
TSC1
Thr⁴¹⁷	CDK1	Metazoant^‡	Inhibit	[108]
Ser⁴⁸⁷	IKKβ	Mammal	Inhibit (dissociate complex?)	[96]
Ser⁵¹¹	IKKβ	Vertebrate	Inhibit (dissociate complex?)	[96]
Ser⁵⁸⁴	CDK1	Vertebrate	Inhibit	[108]
Ser¹⁰⁴⁷	CDK1	Mammal	Inhibit	[108]
TSC2
Ser⁵⁴⁰	ERK	Vertebrate	Inhibit (dissociate complex)	[95]
Ser⁶⁶⁴	ERK	Vertebrate	Inhibit (dissociate complex)	[95]
Ser⁹³⁹	Akt/RSK1	Metazoan	Inhibit (14-3-3 binding)	[21,22,93]
Ser⁹⁸¹	Akt?	Vertebrate	Inhibit (14-3-3 binding)	[82] (in vitro)
Ser¹¹³⁰	Akt	Vertebrate	Inhibit	[22,82]
Ser¹¹³²	Akt	Vertebrate	Inhibit	[22,82]
Ser¹²⁵⁴	MAPKAP kinase-2	Vertebrate	Unknown (14-3-3 binding)	[110]
Thr¹²⁷¹	AMPK	Vertebrate	Activate	[98]
Ser¹³⁷¹	GSK3	Mammal^‡	Activate	[101]
Ser¹³⁷⁵	GSK3	Mammal	Activate	[101]
Ser¹³⁷⁹	GSK3	Mammal	Activate	[101]
Ser¹³⁸³	GSK3	Metazoan	Activate	[101]
Ser¹³⁸⁷	AMPK	Metazoan	Activate	[98]
Thr¹⁴⁶²	Akt/RSK1	Metazoan	Inhibit (14-3-3 binding)	[21,22,93]
Ser¹⁷⁹⁸	RSK1	Vertebrate	Inhibit	[93]

Numbering based on full-length human proteins,

^†

See the text for details.

^‡

Not found in mouse.