Table IV.
Cigarette smoking and vasoactive medication use by maternal age category among mothers of infants with gastroschisis (cases) and mothers of infants with no major birth defects (controls), National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2003
| Periconception exposure | Cases |
Controls |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | OR(95%CI)* | |
| Age≤19 | |||||
| Smoke | 66 | 32.0 | 151 | 27.5 | 1.1 (0.7-1.7) |
| NSAIDs | 63 | 30.6 | 125 | 22.7 | 1.4 (1.0-2.1) |
| Decongestants | 16 | 7.8 | 35 | 6.4 | 1.0 (0.5-1.9) |
| Aspirin | 17 | 8.3 | 28 | 5.1 | 1.3 (0.7-2.6) |
| Bronchodilator | 7 | 3.4 | 18 | 3.3 | 0.7 (0.3-1.9) |
| Age 20-24 | |||||
| Smoke | 79 | 38.9 | 315 | 28.8 | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) |
| NSAIDs | 50 | 24.6 | 235 | 21.5 | 1.2 (0.8-1.8) |
| Decongestants | 16 | 7.9 | 103 | 9.4 | 0.8 (0.4-1.4) |
| Aspirin | 12 | 5.9 | 51 | 4.7 | 1.1 (0.5-2.3) |
| Bronchodilator | 6 | 3.0 | 42 | 3.8 | 0.8 (0.3-1.9) |
| Age 25 + | |||||
| Smoke | 41 | 39.1 | 258 | 15.8 | 3.0 (1.8-5.0) |
| NSAIDs | 37 | 35.2 | 395 | 24.2 | 1.6 (1.0-2.6) |
| Decongestants | 15 | 14.3 | 185 | 11.3 | 1.2 (0.7-2.3) |
| Aspirin | 4 | 3.8 | 64 | 3.9 | 0.9 (0.3-2.7) |
| Bronchodilator | 8 | 7.6 | 39 | 2.4 | 3.7 (1.5-8.8) |
*
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for maternal age at delivery and state of residence by stratification and for race/ethnicity, BMI, education, alcohol use, oral contraceptive use, folic acid supplementation.