TABLE 1.
General characteristics of the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) participants1
| Total (n = 1100) | Men (n = 540) | Women (n = 560) | |
| Age (y) | 48.6 ± 16.42 | 49.0 ± 16.4 | 48.2 ± 16.4 |
| Weight (kg) | 82.9 ± 18.2 | 90.4 ± 16.3 | 75.9 ± 17.23 |
| Height (m) | 1.71 ± 0.1 | 1.78 ± 0.1 | 1.65 ± 0.13 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.3 ± 5.6 | 28.5 ± 4.9 | 28.0 ± 6.3 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 96.5 ± 16.2 | 100.5 ± 13.9 | 92.7 ± 17.23 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 107.4 ± 11.6 | 105.8 ± 8.9 | 108.8 ± 13.53 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 139 ± 115.9 | 153 ± 142.3 | 125 ± 82.23 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 191 ± 38.9 | 190 ± 37.5 | 191 ± 40.2 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 47.1 ± 13.1 | 41.5 ± 9.8 | 52.3 ± 13.73 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 122 ± 31 | 123 ± 30 | 120 ± 32 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 101 ± 18.7 | 106 ± 20.8 | 98 ± 15.73 |
| Fasting insulin (mU/L) | 13.7 ± 8.1 | 14.1 ± 8.4 | 13.3 ± 7.9 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 115 ± 16 | 118 ± 15 | 112 ± 173 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 68 ± 9.3 | 71 ± 9.1 | 66 ± 8.93 |
| Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 8341 ± 4798 | 6329 ± 3519 | 10,204 ± 50673 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 1.97 ± 3.1 | 2.07 ± 4.15 | 1.89 ± 1.64 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 2116 ± 1182 | 2492 ± 1403 | 1768 ± 7873 |
| Dietary fat composition | |||
| Total fat (% of energy) | 35.4 ± 6.9 | 35.9 ± 6.9 | 34.9 ± 6.93 |
| SFA (% of energy) | 11.8 ± 2.8 | 12.2 ± 2.8 | 11.6 ± 2.73 |
| MUFA (% of energy) | 13.3 ± 2.9 | 13.7 ± 2.8 | 12.9 ± 2.83 |
| PUFA (% of energy) | 7.6 ± 2.2 | 7.4 ± 2.0 | 7.9 ± 2.33 |
| Total fat (g/d) | 85.4 ± 50.7 | 101.2 ± 58.3 | 70.6 ± 36.53 |
| SFA (g/d) | 28. ± 18.4 | 34.5 ± 21.4 | 23.4 ± 12.83 |
| MUFA (g/d) | 32.1 ±19.4 | 38.5 ± 22.3 | 26.2 ± 13.83 |
| PUFA (g/d) | 18.1 ±10.7 | 20.6 ± 11.9 | 15.8 ± 8.83 |
| RBC membrane (%) | |||
| cis Oleic acid | 16.1 ± 1.1 | 16.25 ± 1.11 | 16.03 ± 1.03 |
| trans Oleic acid | 1.40 ± 0.42 | 1.38 ± 0.42 | 1.42 ± 1.03 |
| Total n−9 FAs | 16.2 ± 1.04 | 16.33 ± 1.03 | 16.18 ± 0.433 |
| MUFA | 17.97 ± 1.08 | 18.03 ± 1.09 | 17.91 ± 1.03 |
| PUFA | 34.13 ± 1.52 | 34.15 ± 1.56 | 34.11 ± 1.07 |
| SFA | 35.01 ± 1.31 | 34.93 ± 1.24 | 35.08 ± 1.48 |
| Total trans FAs | 1.69 ± 0.48 | 1.67 ± 0.48 | 1.71 ± 1.37 |
| Metabolic syndrome [n (%)] | 418 (37.3) | 223 (41.4) | 195 (33.6) |
| Obesity [n (%)] | 373 (33.2) | 176 (32.5) | 197 (33.8) |
| Diabetes or high blood sugar [n (%)] | 90 (8.0) | 53 (9.8) | 37 (6.4) |
| CLOCK polymorphism [n (%)] | |||
| rs4580704 | |||
| GG | 141 (12.8) | — | — |
| CG | 478 (43.4) | — | — |
| CC | 483 (43.8) | — | — |
| rs1801260 (3111T→C) | |||
| GG | 88 (5.8) | — | — |
| AG | 652 (43.3) | — | — |
| AA | 746 (49.5) | — | — |
| rs3749474 | |||
| TT | 146 (13.4) | — | — |
| TC | 520 (46.8) | — | — |
| CC | 424 (38.9) | — | — |
1
BP, blood pressure; FA, fatty acid; IL-6, interleukin-6; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; RBC, red blood cell; SFA, saturated fatty acid.
2
Mean ± SD (all such values).
3
Significantly different from men, P < 0.05 (Student's t test).