Table 4.
PRS items with significant pair-wise between-group differences; and effect sizesa
| PRS item | HFA/PDDb (n = 14) vs. AS (n = 15) | TDb (n = 26) < HFA/PDDc (n = 14); p < .01 | TDb (n = 26) < ASc (n = 15); p < .01 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4. Inappropriately formal | HFA/PDD < ASd d = .78; medium | d = .78; medium | |
| 7. Irrelevant/inappropriate detail | d = 1.2; v. large | ||
| 8. Out of sync content/unannounced topic shifts | d = 1.5; v. large | d = 1.7; v. large | |
| 10. Topic preoccupation/perseveration | d = 1.1; v. large | ||
| 11. Unresponsive to examiner’s cues | d = 1.1; v. large | ||
| 12. Little reciprocal to-and-fro exchange | d = 1.3; v. large | ||
| 23. Intonation is unusual | 1.3; v. large | d = 1.9; v, large | |
| 30. Gaze | AS < HFA/PDDe d = .67; medium | d = 1.6, v. large | d = .92; large |
a
Cohen’s (1988) effect size metric: .20–.49 = small effect; .50–.79 = medium effect; >.80 = large effect; >1.0 = very (v.) large effect
b
Tukey post-hoc comparisons where p < .01
c
Ss with TD received fewer points for inappropriate behaviors (i.e., performed better); p < .0
d
Ss with HFA/PDD-NOS received fewer points for inappropriate behaviors (i.e., performed better); p < .0
e
Ss with AS received fewer points for inappropriate behaviors (i.e., performed better); p < .01