Table 3.
Relative Risks (RR) of Stroke According to Types of Physical Activity*
| Vigorous Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Kcal/wk | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kcal/wk | ||||||
| Range | 0 + <200§ | 0 + ≥200§ | >0–199 | 200–499 | ≥500 | p|| |
| No. Of Women At Baseline | 9,326 | 13,536 | 4,100 | 4,119 | 8,234 | |
| Total stroke | ||||||
| No. cases | 167 | 211 | 45 | 57 | 99 | |
| Age- and treatment-adjusted RR (95% confidence interval, CI) | 1 | 0.79 (0.64, 0.96) | 1.00 (0.73, 1.37) | 0.91 (0.67, 1.23) | 0.63 (0.49, 0.83) | 0.01 |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR1† (95% CI) | 1 | 0.98 (0.78, 1.24) | 1.41 (1.01, 1.97) | 1.08 (0.76, 1.52) | 0.83 (0.61, 1.12) | 0.50 |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR2‡ (95% CI) | 1 | 1.04 (0.82, 1.31) | 1.51 (1.07, 2.12) | 1.21 (0.86, 1.72) | 0.90 (0.66, 1.23) | 0.99 |
| Ischemic stroke | ||||||
| No. cases | 143 | 166 | 38 | 45 | 81 | |
| Age- and treatment-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.75 (0.60, 0.94) | 1.01 (0.72, 1.42) | 0.77 (0.55 1.10) | 0.60 (0.45, 0.81) | 0.005 |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR1† (95% CI) | 1 | 0.95 (0.74, 1.23) | 1.46 (1.01, 2.11) | 0.91 (0.61, 1.37) | 0.81 (0.58, 1.14) | 0.38 |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR2‡ (95% CI) | 1 | 1.01 (0.78, 1.31) | 1.61 (1.12, 2.33) | 1.05 (0.69, 1.58) | 0.90 (0.64, 1.27) | 0.84 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | ||||||
| No. cases | 22 | 44 | 7 | 12 | 17 | |
| Age- and treatment-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.06 (0.63, 1.78) | 1.05 (0.47, 2.36) | 1.83 (0.96, 3.48) | 0.85 (0.44, 1.64) | 0.86 |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR1† (95% CI) | 1 | 1.27 (0.73, 2.22) | 1.34 (0.58, 3.09) | 2.04 (1.01, 4.12) | 0.94 (0.45, 1.97) | 0.71 |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR2‡ (95% CI) | 1 | 1.34 (0.76, 2.37) | 1.26 (0.52, 3.05) | 2.16 (1.06, 4.41) | 1.00 (0.47, 2.12) | 0.64 |
| Time Spent Walking Per Week# | ||||||
| Range | Does Not Walk Regularly | 1–59 min | 60–90 min | ≥2 hr | p|| | |
| No. Of Women At Baseline | 5,817 | 6,036 | 4,410 | 6,599 | ||
| Total stroke | ||||||
| No. cases | 119 | 93 | 65 | 101 | ||
| Age- and treatment-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.83 (0.64, 1.07) | 0.75 (0.55, 1.01) | 0.61 (0.47, 0.80) | <0.0001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR1† (95% CI) | 1 | 0.86 (0.65, 1.14) | 0.87 (0.62, 1.20) | 0.70 (0.52, 0.94) | 0.002 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR2‡ (95% CI) | 1 | 0.91 (0.68, 1.21) | 0.96 (0.69, 1.34) | 0.78 (0.58, 1.06) | 0.01 | |
| Ischemic stroke | ||||||
| No. cases | 101 | 77 | 50 | 81 | ||
| Age- and treatment-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.89 (0.67, 1.18) | 0.70 (0.50, 0.98) | 0.66 (0.49, 0.88) | 0.003 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR1† (95% CI) | 1 | 0.97 (0.71, 1.33) | 0.81 (0.55, 1.19) | 0.79 (0.57, 1.10) | 0.07 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR2‡ (95% CI) | 1 | 1.04 (0.76, 1.43) | 0.92 (0.63, 1.36) | 0.91 (0.66, 1.27) | 0.27 | |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | ||||||
| No. cases | 17 | 15 | 15 | 19 | ||
| Age- and treatment-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.57 (0.30, 1.10) | 0.97 (0.52, 1.80) | 0.42 (0.21, 0.84) | 0.0005 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR1† (95% CI) | 1 | 0.48 (0.24, 0.99) | 1.06 (0.56, 2.01) | 0.42 (0.20, 0.87) | 0.002 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR2‡ (95% CI) | 1 | 0.50 (0.24, 1.02) | 1.09 (0.57, 2.08) | 0.43 (0.20, 0.89) | 0.002 | |
| Usual Walking Pace, Km/hr# | ||||||
| Km/hr | ||||||
| Range | Does Not Walk Regularly | <3.2 | 3.2–4.7 | ≥4.8 | p|| | |
| No. Of Women At Baseline | 3347 | 3135 | 10,526 | 5854 | ||
| Total stroke | ||||||
| No. cases | 85 | 68 | 149 | 76 | ||
| Age- and treatment-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.75 (0.55, 1.03) | 0.63 (0.49, 0.82) | 0.51 (0.37, 0.71) | <0.0001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR1† (95% CI) | 1 | 0.82 (0.58, 1.16) | 0.72 (0.54, 0.96) | 0.63 (0.44, 0.91) | 0.007 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR2‡ (95% CI) | 1 | 0.82 (0.58, 1.17) | 0.77 (0.57, 1.04) | 0.75 (0.52, 1.08) | 0.09 | |
| Ischemic stroke | ||||||
| No. cases | 71 | 55 | 117 | 66 | ||
| Age- and treatment-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.76 (0.54, 1.07) | 0.62 (0.47, 0.83) | 0.55 (0.39, 0.78) | 0.0002 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR1† (95% CI) | 1 | 0.90 (0.61, 1.33) | 0.74 (0.53, 1.03) | 0.75 (0.50, 1.12) | 0.07 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR2‡ (95% CI) | 1 | 0.92 (0.62, 1.36) | 0.82 (0.59, 1.16) | 0.94 (0.62, 1.42) | 0.54 | |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | ||||||
| No. cases | 13 | 12 | 31 | 10 | ||
| Age- and treatment-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.68 (0.31, 1.49) | 0.71 (0.39, 1.30) | 0.39 (0.17, 0.89) | 0.04 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR1† (95% CI) | 1 | 0.51 (0.22, 1.19) | 0.70 (0.38, 1.30) | 0.32 (0.13, 0.79) | 0.04 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted RR2‡ (95% CI) | 1 | 0.50 (0.21, 1.18) | 0.66 (0.35, 1.23) | 0.31 (0.12, 0.77) | 0.03 | |
*
Updated over time
†
Adjusted for age, randomized treatment assignment, plus smoking; alcohol; saturated fat, fruit and vegetable, and fiber intake: postmenopausal hormone therapy; menopausal status, parental history of myocardial infarction, and migraine aura
‡
Adjusted for the above variables, plus body mass index, history of diabetes, history of elevated cholesterol, and history of hypertension
§
Total leisure time physical activity
||
P-value for linear trend across categories of physical activity
#
Analyses are restricted to women without any vigorous leisure-time activities