Table 1.
Neural activity during social exclusion (vs. inclusion) that was significantly associated with greater inflammatory responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), as indexed by changes in levels of a soluble receptor for tumor necrosis factor-α (sTNFαRII) (n = 31)
Brain region | Brodmann area | MNI coordinates | Cluster size (k) | t | r (TNF) |
Paralimbic | |||||
dACC | BA 24 | −6 18 34 | 351 | 4.58 | 0.67 |
dACC | BA 24 | 12 38 0 | 29 | 4.45 | 0.63 |
Anterior insula | −34 –22 28 | 45 | 4.44 | 0.63 | |
Parahippocampal gyrus | BA 36 | −22 –20 −30 | 31 | 4.13 | 0.60 |
Cortex | |||||
Middle frontal gyrus | BA 10/46 | −30 52 12 | 99 | 4.54 | 0.64 |
Inferior frontal gyrus | BA 45 | 50 26 20 | 23 | 3.80 | 0.59 |
Precuneus | BA 30 | 4 –46 −4 | 454 | 6.08 | 0.71 |
Fusiform gyrus | BA 37 | −40 –60 −12 | 28 | 4.41 | 0.63 |
Lingual gyrus | BA 18 | 26 –74 0 | 296 | 6.33 | 0.71 |
Lingual gyrus | BA 18 | −4 –70 −8 | 107 | 4.36 | 0.63 |
Fusiform gyrus | BA 18 | 22 –98 −10 | 21 | 3.75 | 0.58 |
Subcortical and cerebellum | |||||
Caudate | 18 18 14 | 79 | 4.34 | 0.61 | |
Thalamus | −20 –28 14 | 51 | 4.30 | 0.62 | |
Midbrain (substantia nigra) | −12 –12 −12 | 20 | 4.16 | 0.62 | |
Medulla | 6 –32 −48 | 30 | 4.09 | 0.61 | |
Cerebellum | 32 –48 −36 | 49 | 4.41 | 0.64 | |
Cerebellum | −4 –70 −34 | 35 | 4.23 | 0.62 | |
Cerebellum | −28 –44 −24 | 21 | 4.05 | 0.60 | |
Cerebellum | −22 –72 −34 | 45 | 4.00 | 0.59 |
The brain regions listed represent those that were significantly related to TSST-induced changes in sTNFαRII, thresholded at P < 0.001, 20 voxels. dACC is the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; BA refers to putative Brodmann's area; MNI coordinates identify the local maxima of particular brain activations, reported in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) format; Cluster size (k) is the number of voxels in each activation cluster that was significantly associated with greater sTNFαRII responses to the TSST; t is the t-value at those coordinates (local maxima); r (TNF) is the correlation coefficient describing the strength of association between the activation cluster and sTNFαRII response to the TSST.