Table 3. Age-stratified sex-specific prevalence rates and results of logistic regression analyses.
|
Age⩽65 years
|
Age >65 years
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men: N=1519 (63.7%) | Women: N=865 (36.3%) | Full model a | Men: N=1701 (67.4%) | Women: N=821 (32.6%) | Full model a | |
| Selected risk factors | N (%) | N (%) | OR (95% CI) | N (%) | N (%) | OR (95% CI) |
| Reflux b | ||||||
| No | 1319 (86.8) | 716 (82.8) | 1.00 (reference) | 1392 (81.8) | 585 (71.3) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 147 (9.7) | 112 (12.9) | 0.70 (0.53–0.92) | 183 (10.8) | 115 (14.0) | 0.69 (0.53–0.90) |
| Body Mass Index | ||||||
| <25 (normal weight) | 513 (33.8) | 453 (52.4) | 1.00 (reference) | 607 (35.7) | 337 (41.0) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 25–30 (overweight) | 734 (48.3) | 269 (31.1) | 2.41 (1.99–2.93) | 774 (45.5) | 269 (32.8) | 1.63 (1.33–1.99) |
| ⩾30 (obese) | 219 (14.4) | 110 (12.7) | 1.74 (1.33–2.29) | 216 (12.7) | 144 (17.5) | 0.87 (0.67–1.13) |
| Tobacco smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 700 (46.1) | 405 (46.8) | 1.00 (reference) | 759 (44.6) | 485 (59.1) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Former smoker | 522 (34.4) | 281 (32.5) | 1.04 (0.86–1.27) | 688 (40.4) | 199 (24.2) | 2.18 (1.79–2.67) |
| Current smoker | 265 (17.4) | 154 (17.8) | 0.97 (0.76–1.24) | 180 (10.6) | 79 (9.6) | 1.41 (1.05–1.90) |
| Formal education (proxy for SES) | ||||||
| >12 years | 460 (30.3) | 356 (41.2) | 1.00 (reference) | 311 (18.3) | 119 (14.5) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 9–12 years | 249 (16.4) | 89 (10.3) | 2.10 (1.58–2.80) | 148 (8.7) | 30 (3.7) | 2.14 (1.35–3.37) |
| ⩽9 years | 771 (50.8) | 399 (46.1) | 1.38 (1.13–1.67) | 1182 (69.5) | 635 (77.3) | 0.77 (0.61–0.98) |
| NSAID use | ||||||
| Daily | 608 (18.9) | 356 (21.1) | 1.00 (reference) | 441 (25.9) | 256 (31.2) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Weekly | 216 (6.7) | 170 (10.1) | 0.71 (0.48–1.05) | 110 (6.5) | 76 (9.3) | 0.85 (0.61–1.21) |
| Monthly | 217 (6.7) | 156 (9.3) | 0.71 (0.49–1.02) | 79 (4.6) | 37 (4.5) | 1.15 (0.74–1.78) |
| No usec | 2023 (62.8) | 926 (54.9) | 1.26 (0.95–1.67) | 946 (55.6) | 388 (47.3) | 1.31 (1.07–1.61) |
Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; N=number; NSAID=non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OR=odds ratio; SES=socioeconomic status.
Age-stratified sex-specific prevalence rates and results of logistic regression analyses OR and 95% CIs values, in a randomly selected sample of 4906 Swedish citizens, using predefined combinations of risk factors as exposures and male sex as outcome.
a
Adjusted for physical activity, reflux, education, body mass index, smoking status, NSAID use.
b
Defined as at least weekly symptoms of acid regurgitation and/or heartburn and/or weekly use of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease treatment such as proton pump inhibitors, antacids, or H2-blockers.
c
No use or less than once a month.