Table 1.
Population characteristics, cognitive and activity of daily living test scores
| whole group | cognitive intact | cognitive impaired | group differences* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 26 | N = 13 | N = 13 | z-value | p-value | |
| Men/women (n) | 10/16 | 6/7 | 4/9 | ||
| Age (y) | 81.00 ± 5.13 | 79.38 ± 5.55 | 82.62 ± 4.29 | 1.31 | 0.19 |
| Length (cm) | 165.17 ± 9.10 | 166.00 ± 8.05 | 164.35 ± 11.75 | 0.59 | 0.55 |
| Weight (kg) | 67.52 ± 12.90 | 72.59 ± 11.97 | 62.45 ± 12.16 | 2.18 | 0.03 |
| MMSE | 23.12 ± 5.81 | 28.23 ± 1.09 | 18.00 ± 3.54 | 4.36 | < 0.001 |
| SMS | 61.74 ± 109.73 | -2.13 ± 15.91 | 125.62 ±125.81 | 3.82 | < 0.001 |
| BTO | 17.65 ± 31.04 | 1.00 ± 3.61 | 34.31 ± 37.32 | 3.45 | 0.001 |
| ECR | 9.73 ± 9.73 | 12.62 ± 3.15 | 6.85 ± 4.41 | 3.11 | 0.002 |
| CD | 9.00 ± 3.43 | 10.00 ± 2.35 | 8.01 ± 4.10 | 1.17 | 0.243 |
| VF | 10.19 ± 3.95 | 12.54 ± 3.02 | 7.85 ± 3.39 | 3.40 | < 0.001 |
| IADL | 4.69 ± 5.04 | 7.54 ± 5.29 | 1.85 ± 2.73 | 2.89 | 0.003 |
| CCI | 2.00 ± 1.26 | 2.15 ± 1.34 | 1.85 ± 1.23 | 0.62 | 0.58 |
Values are mean ± standard deviations. Statistical differences between the cognitive intact and cognitive impaired participants are indicated by z- and p-values (based on Mann-Whitney test). Abbreviations: MMSE = Minimal Mental Scale examination; Range: 0-30, scores < 23 indicating cognitive impairment. SMS = Seven Minute Screening test, higher values indicate cognitive impairment, low or negative values the absence of cognitive impairment. BTO = The Benton Temporal Orientation; Range: 0 = intact orientation 113 = severe disorientation; ECR = Enhanced Cued Recall, Range: 0-16; CD = Clock drawing, maximum score = 14; VF = Verbal Fluency task, range: 0-45.; IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily living, maximal dependency = score of 14; CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index.