Table 1.
Distribution of participants by age and risk groupa
| Age | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 months | 9 months | 12 months | 18 months | 24 months | ||||||
| Parameter | HRA | CON | HRA | CON | HRA | CON | HRA | CON | HRA | CON |
| Number of infants | 14 | 16 | 16 | 12 | 23 | 17 | 15 | 7 | 14 | 9 |
| Males, n = 59 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| Females, n = 84 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 13 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 10 | 5 |
| Total, N = 143 | 30 | 28 | 40 | 22 | 23 | |||||
| Demographic information | ||||||||||
| Mean age, days | 189 | 185 | 272 | 273 | 366 | 362 | 549 | 541 | 725 | 727 |
| SD | 11.7 | 8.6 | 5.1 | 3.6 | 9.4 | 9.0 | 12.4 | 6.2 | 9.1 | 12.4 |
| Mean height, in | 26.5 | 26.1 | 27.8 | 27.2 | 29.8 | 29.5 | 32.1 | 32.1 | 34.1 | 34.8 |
| SD | 1.9 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| P value | 0.46 | 0.18 | 0.53 | 0.97 | 0.24 | |||||
| Mean head circumference, mm | 434 | 435 | 459 | 447 | 465 | 466 | 484 | 481 | 492 | 493 |
| SD | 12.7 | 12.2 | 13.7 | 15.8 | 12.5 | 18.0 | 11.4 | 18.8 | 16.7 | 17.2 |
| P value | 0.93 | 0.04 | 0.87 | 0.61 | 0.53 | |||||
| mMSE over channel groups | ||||||||||
| Total mMSE | 2.02 | 1.93 | 2.07 | 2.02 | 2.05 | 1.87 | 2.16 | 1.97 | 2.07 | 1.96 |
| SD | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.36 | 0.20 | 0.35 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.15 |
| P value | 0.17 | 0.71 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.13 | |||||
| Frontal mMSE | 2.02 | 1.93 | 2.12 | 2.08 | 2.10 | 1.94 | 2.18 | 2.01 | 2.08 | 2.00 |
| SD | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.36 | 0.20 | 0.35 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.13 |
| P value | 0.04 | 0.39 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.21 | |||||
| Left frontal mMSE | 1.94 | 1.81 | 1.94 | 1.91 | 2.01 | 1.82 | 2.06 | 1.91 | 2.03 | 1.88 |
| SD | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.31 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.15 |
| P value | 0.05 | 0.72 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.03 | |||||
aA total of 79 different infants (46 HRA and 33 CON) participated in this study. Some infants participated in multiple sessions at different ages, raising the total to 143 recording sessions. Also shown are measured demographic variables (age, height and head circumference) and mean multiscale entropy (mMSE) values over three regions: whole head, frontal and left frontal. Statistically significant differences between HRA and CON groups are highlighted in boldface. HRA, high risk for autism, CON, controls; SD, standard deviation.