Table 3.
Novel therapeutic strategies in RA targeting multiple aspects of Th17 biology.
| Drugs | Conceptual Th17 target | Molecular target | Stage of drug development |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anakinra | Differentiation | IL‐1 receptor | Approved for RA |
| Tocilizumab | Differentiation | IL‐6 receptor | Approved for RA |
| Ustekinumab | Differentiation and pathogenicity | IL‐23p40 | Approved for severe plaque psoriasis |
| Statins | Differentiation and pathogenicity | Multiple | Efficacy proven in a RCT |
| Auranofin | Differentiation and pathogenicity | Stat3 | Previously used |
| CP‐690,550 (pan‐Jak inhibitor) | Differentiation and pathogenicity | IL‐6, 21, 23 signaling | Phase II trials suggest efficacy |
| LY2439821 (Anti‐IL17A monoclonal antibody) | Pathogenicity | IL‐17A | Phase I trial completed |
| IL‐21 receptor Fc fision protein | Differentiation | IL‐21 receptor | Animal study |
| INCB028050 (Jak1/Jak2 inhibitor) | Differentiation and pathogenicity | IL‐6, 23 signaling | Animal study |
| Monoclonal Ab againt IL‐23p19 | Differentiation and pathogenicity | IL‐23p19 | Not studied yet |
| ROR‐c inhibitor | Differentiation | ROR‐c | Not studied yet |
| Stat3 inhibitor | Differentiation and pathogenicity | Stat3 | Not studied yet |
| Stat4 inhibitor | Differentiation and pathogenicity | Stat4 | Not studied yet |
| DCs expressing TGF‐β | Differentiation | multiple | Not studied yet |
| DCs expressing IFN‐γ/IL‐27/IL‐12/IL‐2/IL‐4 | Plasticity | Stats? | Not studied yet |
| IL‐22 blockade | Pathogenicity? | IL‐22 | Awaits further studies |