Table 2.
Characteristics of subjects.
| Characteristic | Cases | Controls |
|---|---|---|
| n | 110 | 358 |
| Age at FAME enrollment [years (mean ± SD)] | 70 ± 8 | 69 ± 8 |
| Men [n (%)] | 80 (73) | 265 (74) |
| Residence in Iowa (vs. North Carolina) [n (%)] | 79 (72) | 262 (73) |
| Non-Hispanic white (vs. other) [n (%)] | 107 (97) | 350 (98) |
| Pesticide applicator (vs. spouse) [n (%)] | 80 (73) | 267 (75) |
| Education > high school [n (%)] | 49 (45) | 178 (50) |
| PD in first-degree relative [n (%)] | 18 (16) | 22 (6)* |
| Smoked at least 100 cigarettes [n (%)] | 31 (28) | 141 (39)** |
| BSIT (mean score ± SD) | 5.5 ± 2.8 | 8.8 ± 2.3# |
| CASI (mean score ± SD) | 89.2 ± 8.5 | 93.1 ± 5.0# |
| Clinical features among casesa | ||
| Age at PD diagnosis [years (mean ± SD)] | 61 ± 9 | — |
| PD duration at FAME enrollment [years (median ± SD)] | 7 ± 6 | — |
| Resting tremor [n affected/n with data (%)] | 100/108 (93) | — |
| Bradykinesia [n affected/n with data (%)] | 105/110 (95) | — |
| Rigidity [n affected/n with data (%)] | 106/107 (99) | — |
| Postural reflex impairment [n affected/n with data (%)] | 61/92 (66) | — |
| Asymmetric onset [n affected/n with data (%)] | 102/104 (98) | — |
| Response to dopaminergic therapy (if prescribed) [n affected/n with data (%)] | 95/98 (97) | — |
Abbreviations: BSIT, Brief Smell Identification Test; CASI, Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument.
a
Percentages for clinical features are based on numbers of cases with features divided by the total number of cases with available data; cases with missing data for a feature are excluded.
*
p < 0.005 (Fisher’s exact test).
**
p < 0.05 (Fisher’s exact test).
#
p < 0.001 (Wilcoxon rank-sum test).