Table 1.
Demographics of study participants and CSF marker levels in diagnostic groups*
| Ctl | PD | MSA | AD | P values | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of cases** | 137 | 126 | 32 | 50 | PD | MSA | AD | PD | PD | MSA |
| (age≥50 only) | (105) | (117) | (28) | (50) | vs | vs | vs | vs | vs | vs |
| [age≥50 & HGB<200 ng/mL] | [92] | [86] | [20] | [38] | Ctl | Ctl | Ctl | MSA | AD | AD |
|
| ||||||||||
| Age (age≥50 only) | 58.9±18.4 (67.4±10.5) | 63.8±10.4 (65.4±9.1) | 60.3±9.0 (62.4±7.7) | 68.1±9.5 (68.1±9.5) | ||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Gender (F/M) (age≥50 only) | 61/76 (53/52) | 33/93 (29/88) | 11/21 (11/17) | 19/31 (19/31) | ||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| t-tau (pg/mL) | 62.3±20.2 | 54.6±14.8 | 46.7±18.9 | 95.0±37.5 | 0.026 | 0.004 | 0.001 | >0.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||||
| p-tau (pg/mL) | 29.4±17.6 | 21.4±7.6 | 22.4±10.7 | 57.3±25.8 | <0.001 | >0.1 | <0.001 | >0.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Aβ1-42 (pg/mL) | 404.2±184.0 | 332.9±127.4 | 312.0±120.1 | 209.2±73.4 | 0.003 | 0.022 | <0.001 | >0.1 | <0.001 | 0.013 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Flt3 ligand (pg/mL) | 47.2±14.4 | 51.7±13.4 | 21.5±9.5 | 47.7±13.4 | >0.1 | <0.001 | >0.1 | <0.001 | >0.1 | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Fractalkine (pg/mL) | 257.5±105.7 | 281.9±114.4 | 277.9±153.3 | 281.1±108.7 | >0.1 | >0.1 | >0.1 | >0.1 | >0.1 | >0.1 |
|
| ||||||||||
| DJ-1 (ng/mL; HGB<200 ng/mL) | 41.0±14.4 | 28.2±7.5 | 23.8±7.5 | 41.1±15.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 | >0.1 | >0.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||||
| α-syn (ng/mL; HGB<200 ng/mL) | 0.49±0.17 | 0.38±0.10 | 0.30±0.09 | 0.55±0.15 | <0.001 | <0.001 | >0.1 | >0.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||||
| p-tau/t-tau | 0.46±0.14 | 0.40±0.10 | 0.49±0.12 | 0.61±0.16 | 0.002 | >0.1 | <0.001 | 0.008 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||||
| p-tau/Aβ1-42 | 0.091±0.078 | 0.074±0.051 | 0.074±0.024 | 0.291±0.127 | >0.1 | >0.1 | <0.001 | >0.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||||
| t-tau/Aβ1-42 | 0.18±0.10 | 0.18±0.09 | 0.16±0.06 | 0.48±0.17 | >0.1 | >0.1 | <0.001 | >0.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Fractalkine/Aβ1-42 | 0.76±0.51 | 0.97±0.59 | 0.96±0.59 | 1.51±0.80 | >0.1 | >0.1 | <0.001 | >0.1 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
Data shown are mean ± S.D. Only subjects with age ≥ 50 were included for the analyses. Comparisons were made using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post-hoc tests. Conservatively, values with P<0.001 should be regarded as significant to minimize errors related to multiple comparisons. Only the ratios discussed in the text are listed here. The receiver operating characteristic values of all markers including other calculated ratios/combinations can be found in Supporting Table 2.
More than 90% of the subjects/patients were included in our previous study14 where DJ-1 and α-syn results were reported.
α-syn, α-synuclein; Aβ1-42, amyloid beta peptide 1-42; AD, Alzheimer disease; ANOVA = analysis of variance; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; Ctl, healthy control; HGB, hemoglobin; HSD, honestly significant difference; MSA, multiple system atrophy; PD, Parkinson disease; p-tau, phosphorylated tau; t-tau, total tau.