. 2011 May 25;94(1):95–103. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.015552

TABLE 3.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations at baseline and 12 mo, stratified by weight loss and intervention arm in overweight and obese postmenopausal women

		Serum 25(OH)D
	No. of subjects	Baseline¹	12 mo¹	Change²	P³
			ng/mL
Control
Weight loss
<5%	67	20.9 (18.6, 23.4)	23.0 (20.4, 25.9)	2.7 ± 9.5	Reference
5–9.9%	9	21.1 (17.0, 26.3)	22.9 (19.6, 26.7)	1.3 ± 7.2	0.99
≥10%	3	21.2 (13.9, 32.4)	32.4 (27.9, 37.4)	9.4 ± 9.4	0.53
P for trend⁴					0.43
Exercise
Weight loss
<5%	75	20.0 (18.1, 22.0)	21.1 (18.8, 23.8)	2.0 ± 6.1	Reference
5–9.9%	26	19.4 (16.0, 23.5)	22.3 (18.8, 26.6)	2.7 ± 8.8	0.47
≥10%	4	31.6 (27.5, 36.3)	39.9 (33.9, 47.1)	8.5 ± 5.9	0.56
P for trend⁴					0.47
Diet
Weight loss
<5%	28	16.9 (14.2, 20.2)	19.0 (15.8, 22.9)	2.6 ± 6.7	Reference
5–9.9%	27	20.6 (17.8, 23.9)	22.5 (19.4, 26.2)	2.1 ± 4.2	0.33
≥10%	49	22.9 (20.7, 25.4)	27.7 (25.2, 30.4)	4.9 ± 6.4	0.03
P for trend⁴					0.08
Diet + exercise
Weight loss
<5%	18	21.2 (17.8, 25.4)	23.6 (20.1, 27.6)	2.3 ± 5.1	Reference
5–9.9%	21	20.7 (17.1, 25.1)	23.8 (19.4, 29.2)	3.5 ± 6.9	0.64
≥10%	69	23.1 (21.1, 25.3)	28.1 (25.7, 30.8)	5.3 ± 7.3	0.14
P for trend⁴					0.11
All participants
Control subjects	79	20.5 (18.6, 22.7)	23.8 (21.2, 26.1)	2.8 ± 9.3	Reference
Gained weight	43	19.6 (17.1, 22.5)	21.3 (18.1, 25.0)	2.3 ± 7.1	0.72
Weight loss
<5%	78	19.3 (17.5, 21.2)	20.8 (18.7, 23.1)	2.1 ± 5.4	0.35
5–9.9%	74	20.2 (18.2, 22.3)	22.8 (20.6, 25.2)	2.7 ± 6.8	0.58
10–14.9%	68	24.5 (22.4, 26.7)	27.2 (24.9, 30.0)	3.3 ± 6.1	0.93
≥15%	54	21.8 (19.7, 24.2)	29.5 (26.9, 32.3)	7.7 ± 7.1	0.0005
P for trend⁴					0.002

Values are geometric means; 95% CIs in parentheses.

Values are means ± SDs.

General estimating equation models adjusted for race-ethnicity, season of random assignment, total vitamin D intake, and intervention arm (in combined analysis).

⁴

Calculated across groups (excluding control subjects).