Table 2.
Activations detected during the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task based on the contrast: subliminal fearful face blocks vs. neutral face blocks.
| MNI Coordinates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | R/L | Cluster Size | t value | |
| TASK MAIN EFFECTS | ||||||
| Activations | ||||||
| Inferior Frontal Gyrus | -48 | 48 | 0 | L | 70 | 2.75 |
| Middle Temporal Gyrus | 52 | -38 | 6 | R | 666 | 3.47 |
| Middle Temporal Gyrus | -62 | -52 | 10 | L | 128 | 2.45 |
| Deactivations | ||||||
| Fusiform Gyrus | -30 | -38 | -16 | L | 99 | -2.56 |
| Insular Cortex | 42 | -22 | 10 | R | 172 | -2.49 |
| Superior Frontal Gyrus | 28 | 54 | 32 | R | 119 | -2.62 |
| Precuneus | -10 | -54 | 40 | L | 114 | -2.28 |
| WITHIN GROUP ANALYSES | ||||||
| Unmedicated ADHD | ||||||
| Activations | ||||||
| Amygdala | 22 | -12 | -10 | R | 89 | 4.06 |
| Middle Occipital Gyrus | 32 | -64 | 2 | R | 70 | 3.22 |
| Deactivations | NA | |||||
| Medicated ADHD | ||||||
| Activations | ||||||
| Superior Occipital Gyrus | -22 | -90 | 30 | L | 282 | 3.55 |
| Deactivations | ||||||
| Anterior Cingulate Cortex | 10 | 38 | 14 | R | 265 | -3.16 |
| Superior Occipital Gyrus | 22 | -98 | 6 | R | 73 | -3.20 |
| Healthy Controls | ||||||
| Activations | ||||||
| Superior Temporal Gyrus | 68 | -26 | 0 | R | 83 | 4.63 |
| Middle Frontal Gyrus | -32 | 18 | 38 | L | 542 | 5.90 |
| Deactivations | ||||||
| Precentral Gyrus | 30 | -34 | 60 | R | 942 | -6.57 |
| Cuneus | 18 | -98 | 10 | R | 74 | -3.24 |
| Insular Cortex | 38 | -16 | 6 | R | 198 | -4.12 |
| Parietal Cortex | -26 | -36 | 66 | L | 158 | -4.41 |
| Cingulate Cortex | -10 | -12 | 46 | L | 84 | -3.50 |
| GROUP × TASK INTERACTIONS | ||||||
| ADHD Unmedicated > Controls | ||||||
| Amygdala | 20 | -10 | -10 | R | 71 | 3.5685 |
| Middle Occipital Gyrus | 30 | -62 | 2 | R | 78 | 3.6453 |
| Controls > ADHD Unmedicated | NA | |||||
| ADHD Medicated > Controls | NA | |||||
| Controls > ADHD Medicated | NA | |||||
| ADHD Unmedicated > ADHD Medicated | NA | |||||
| Medicated ADHD > ADHD Unmedicated | 20 | NA | ||||
Note: Activations detected during the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task based on the contrast: subliminal fearful face blocks vs. neutral face blocks. The coordinates and t-values are reported at the peak voxels in each cluster. All of the imaging results are based on whole brain voxel-wise analyses. The task main effects indicated activations detected across the three groups. Group × Task interactions indicate between group differences in task related activation. One voxel=2mm3.
ADHD=Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; L=left; MNI=Montreal Neurological Institute brain coordinates; NA=no cluster meets statistical significance; R=right.