Table 1.
Viral RNA structures that potentially activate PKR.
| Virus (genome) | dsRNA detected in IFA | Origin of PKR activating RNA | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| VacV, AdV, HSV-1, HCMV, MCMV (DNA) | + | overlapping converging transcription | [36–41] |
| HIV-1 (RNA/DNA) | n. a. | TAR RNA/possibly as dimer | [52–54,56] |
| ReoV (dsRNA) | + | dsRNA genome | [39,42,49] |
| Rubella V., SFV, SINV, SARS CoV, EMCV, Kunjin V., PolioV, TBEV, HCV, DENV. (+ssRNA) | + | replication intermediates or base-paired secondary structure elements | [39,43–48] |
| Influenza V. (-ssRNA, segm.) | – | vRNP/complementary 3′ and 5′ termini of vRNA (flu B virus) | [28,39,55] |
| LaCrosse V. (-ssRNA, segm.) | – | panhandle structure of vRNA? | [39,76] |
| SenV (-ssRNA, non-segm.) | – | ? | [91] |
| SenV C protein mutant, NDV Ulster strain (-ssRNA, non-segm.) | + | replication intermediates | [91] |