Table 4. The effect of beta-blocker treatment on breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) and distant metastasis (DM) formation was compared with tumour size, grade and stage to determine the relative risk (Hazard Ratios (HR)) in BC patients.
| Parameter | HR | p-value | 95% Confidence Interval | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||
| BCSS | ||||
| Tumour size Tumour grade Tumour stage beta-blocker treatment |
1.985 | 0.004 | 1.248 | 3.159 |
| 1.904 | <0.001 | 1.435 | 2.526 | |
| 1.565 | <0.001 | 1.218 | 2.011 | |
| 0.291 | 0.007 | 0.119 | 0.715 | |
| DM | ||||
| Tumour size Tumour grade Tumour stage beta-blocker treatment |
1.916 | 0.005 | 1.221 | 3.005 |
| 1.519 | 0.002 | 1.171 | 1.971 | |
| 1.624 | <0.001 | 1.270 | 2.076 | |
| 0.430 | 0.031 | 0.200 | 0.926 | |