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Ancillary tests that can be used to diagnose pre-clinical PD
| Test | Sensitivity | Specificity | Availability | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Olfactory testing | ++ | + | Broad | Low |
| Neuropsychological testing | + | − | Broad | Moderate |
| Transcranial ultrasound | ++ | ++ | Restricted | Moderate |
| Cardiac MIBG imaging | ++ | ++ | Broad | High |
| Dopamine transporter SPECT | ++ | ++ | Restricted | High |
| [18F]fluorodopa PET | ++ | ++ | Restricted | High |
| Genetic testing | ++ | ++ | Restricted | High |
−= not clinically useful; + = somewhat useful; ++=sufficiently accurate to be useful
