Table 1.
Clinical Demographics and Characteristics
| Characteristic | Controls | Patients | Significance | |||
| M | SD | M | SD | T Value/Chi-Square | P Value (two-tailed) | |
| Age (in years) | 36.79 | 7.72 | 36.73 | 8.85 | 0.03 | 0.979 |
| Gender (% male) | 0.71 | 0.75 | 0.33 | 0.742 | ||
| Paternal education (in years) | 12.67 | 1.43 | 13.36 | 2.98 | 1.03 | 0.306 |
| Maternal education | 12.46 | 1.50 | 13.52 | 2.94 | 1.59 | 0.118 |
| Paternal SES | 22.17 | 9.15 | 25.77 | 12.14 | 1.16 | 0.253 |
| Maternal SES | 16.96 | 8.49 | 25.19 | 11.62 | 2.79 | 0.007 |
| Participant's education (in years) | 15.33 | 2.10 | 12.96 | 1.97 | 4.19 | 0.000 |
| Handedness (% right) | 100.00 | 82.14 | 1.69 | 0.097 | ||
| IQ verbal | 109.78 | 10.82 | 94.04 | 15.43 | 4.06 | 0.000 |
| IQ performance | 115.43 | 11.37 | 100.77 | 15.98 | 3.64 | 0.001 |
| Medication (CPZ equivalents) | 643.09 | 622.23 | ||||
| Mean SAPS global item score | 0.02 | 0.11 | 2.00 | 1.15 | ||
| Mean SANS global item score | 0.35 | 0.61 | 2.56 | 0.80 | ||
| Disorganization | 0.75 | 1.15 | 5.57 | 2.70 | ||
| Poverty | 1.08 | 2.34 | 10.75 | 3.62 | ||
| Reality distortion | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.50 | 3.52 | ||
Note: Positive symptoms were the sum of global scores for hallucinations and delusions; negative symptoms were the sum of global scores for alogia, anhedonia, avolition, affective flattening, and attentional impairment; and disorganization symptoms were the sum of global scores for bizarre behavior, positive thought disorder, and inappropriate affect. SAPS, scale for assessment of positive symptoms; SANS, scale for the assessment of negative symptoms; CPZ, chlorpromazine; SES, socioeconomic status.