Table 3.
Predicting Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to AD
| Study | Subjects | Source of subjects | Measurement Method | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Bakkour et al., 2009) | 49 CDR 0.5 | Referral sample | Cortical thickness in temporal and parietal ROIs | Predict MCI progression to AD, 83% sensitivity and 65% specificity |
| (Brys et al., 2009) | 24 MCI | Referral sample | Medial temporal lobe grey matter concentration | Accuracy, predict MCI progression to AD: 74% |
| (Convit et al., 2000) | 46 Normal or MCI | Referral sample | Hippocampal volume | Declining subjects had 11.3% of reduction in HC compared to non-decliners |
| (DeCarli et al., 2007) | 190 MCI | ADCS Vit E donepezil trial | Visual assessment of hippocampal atrophy | Atrophy score > 2.0 increased likelihood of progression, HR 2.30 |
| (Desikan et al., 2009) | 129 MCI | Referral sample ADNI | Hippocampal volume | Predict MCI progression to AD, adjusted HR 0.73 (0.51-1.04) |
| (Desikan et al., 2008) | 47 MCI | Referral sample | Temporal –parietal regions of interest | Combination of entorhinal cortex (HR = 0.60) and the inferior parietal lobule (HR = 0.62) was best predictor of time to progression to AD |
| (Devanand et al., 2007) | 139 MCI | Referral sample | Hippocampal volume | Predict MCI progression to AD, HR: 2.84 (1.47 – 5.49) |
| (Eckerstrom et al., 2008) | 42 MCI | Referral sample | Hippocampal volume | Hippocampal volumes smaller in converters to AD vs. non-converters |
| (Fleisher et al., 2008) | 129 aMCI | ADCS Vit E donepezil trial | Ventricular volumes and hippocampal volumes | Ventricular volumes and hippocampal volumes predicted progression to AD |
| (Galluzzi et al., 2010) | 90 MCI | Referral sample | Medial temporal atrophy | Predict MCI progression to AD, AUC: 0.73 |
| (Galton et al., 2005) | 31 CDR 0.5 | Referral sample | Hippocampal volume | Converters had a greater atrophy compared to non-converters. |
| (Henneman et al., 2009) | 39 MCI | Referral sample | Hippocampal volume adjusted for age, sex, baseline MMSE | Predict MCI progression to AD, HR: 10.4 (3.1-34.8) |
| (Herukka et al., 2008) | 21 MCI | Referral sample | Hippocampal volume | Predict MCI progression to AD, right HC: 15.8 (1.4-174.2) |
| (Jack et al., 2010b) | 218 MCI | ADNI plus Mayo community sample | Hippocampal volume | Predict MCI progression to AD, HR: 2.6 (1.8-3.8) 25% vs. 75% |
| (Jack et al., 2008) | 131 MCI | ADCS Vit E donepezil trial | Volumes of hippocampus, entorhincal cortex, brain, ventricle | Rates of change in all volumes were greater in converters than nonconverters |
| (Jack et al., 2005) | 72 MCI | Community sample | Hippocampal volume | Predict MCI progression to AD, HC volume OR: 1.51 (1.1-2.0) |
| (Jack et al., 2000) | 43 MCI | Community sample | Hippocampal volume | Rates of hippocampal atrophy were greater in converters than nonconverters |
| (Jack et al., 1999) | 80 MCI | Community sample | Hippocampal W score | Relative risk 0.69 – for each 1 unit increase in W score (less atrophy) risk of progression to AD decreased by 31% |
| (Kantarci et al., 2005) | 21 MCI | Referral sample | Hippocampal volume | Predict MCI progression to AD OR: 2.5 (1.0-6.2) |
| (Killiany et al., 2002) | 94 CDR 0.5 | Referral sample | Hippocampal volume | Predict MCI progression to AD OR: 1.5 (1.0-2.31) |
| (Landau et al., 2010) | 85 MCI | Referral sample | Hippocampal volume | Predict MCI progression to AD OR: 2.49 (1.02-5.96) |
| (Leung et al., 2010) | 335 MCI | ADNI | Hippocampal volume | Rates higher in converters compared with stable and reverter groups |
| (Risacher et al., 2009) | 227 MCI | ADNI | Hippocampal volume | Effect size for separating MCI stable vs. converter Cohen's d= 0.60 |
| (Stoub et al., 2010) | 29 aMCI | Referral sample | Entorhinal cortex and hippocampus | Atrophy rate of entorhinal cortex and hippocampus in controls less than MCI converters |
| (Tapiola et al., 2008) | 60 MCI | Referral sample | Hippocampal volume | Predict MCI progression to AD OR: Total HC 0.815 (0.69-0.97) |
| (Vemuri, P. et al., 2009) | 192 MCI | Referral sample ADNI | STAND score | HR for time to conversion from MCI to AD 25th vs. 75th percentile 2.6 |
| (Visser et al., 1999) | 13 MCI | Community sample | Hippocampal volume | Predict MCI progression to AD OR 0.21 (0.05-0.99) |
| (Visser et al., 2002) | 30 MCI | Community sample | Hippocampal volume | Hippocampal volume predicts MCI progression to AD |
| (Wang et al., 2009) | 58 aMCI | Referral sample | Hippocampal volume | Predict MCI progression to AD Left HC HR 0.38 (0.10-0.88) |
Key: AD, Alzheimer's disease; ADNI, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; AUC, area under the curve; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; HR, hazard ratio; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; OR, odds ratio; ROI, regions of interest; STAND, STructural Abnormality iNDex.