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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 3.
Published in final edited form as: Psychiatr Serv. 2010 Feb;61(2):151–159. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.61.2.151

Table 3.

Follow-up diagnoses and outcome measures for 348 primary care patients screened at baseline for psychiatric disorders and who reported no psychiatric treatment in the year before screening, by disorder group at baseline (in weighted percentages)a

Major depressive Generalized anxiety Alcohol or
disorder
 or panic disorder
 drug use disorder
 Bipolar disorder
Follow-up
diagnosis		 95% 95% 95% 95%
or outcome Yes No AOR CI Yes No AOR CI Yes No AOR CI Yes No AOR CI
Diagnosisb
 Major de- 62 13 9.7 4.2 47 16 3.7 1.6 25 17 3.9 1.3 23 18 1.3 .4
  pressive to to to to
  disorder 22.4 8.6 12.3 4.0
 Generalized 21 5 3.9 1.4 17 6 3.6 1.1 15 6 4.5 1.1 13 7 1.4 .3
  anxiety to to to to
  or panic 11.4 12.2 19.2 5.8
  disorder
 Substance- 2 1 3.3 .2 0 1 — c 9 1 31.9 2.4 6 1 26.6 .7
  related to to to
  disorder 46.3 417.6 972.7
 Lifetime 22 7 2.9 1.0 12 8 1.6 .4 25 7 5.4 1.7 40 6 8.0 2.7
  bipolar to to to to
  spectrum 8.1 6.2 17.1 23.6
  disorder
 Any of the 69 23 6.1 2.7 58 26 3.3 1.4 40 27 3.3 1.2 52 26 2.9 1.1
  above to to to to
13.9 7.8 8.6 7.4
Mental
functioning
 SF-12 MCSd 35.8± 50.3± −14.8e −19.7 41.4± 49.3± −8.1e −12.2 46.8± 48.9± −4.6e −9.2 43.2± 49.1± −5.1e −11.3
  score 2.4 .6 to 2.2 .6 to 2.3 .7 to 3.4 .6 to
  (M±SE) −10.0 −4.0 −.01 1.2
 SDS scoref 7.9± 3.0± 5.1e 3.1 6.6± 3.3± 3.6e 1.4 5.2± 3.3± 3.0e 1.0 4.7± 3.4± .8e −1.6
  (M±SE) 1.0 .3 to 1.2 .3 to 1.0 .3 to 1.3 .3 to
7.0 5.8 5.1 3.2
 Poor or fair 63 24 6.2 2.7 64 26 6.1 2.4 44 27 2.6 .97 51 27 2.6 .9
  emotional to to to to
  health 14.4 15.5 6.8 7.1
Physical
functioning
 SF-12 PCSd 36.6± 39.8± −2.8e −7.1 36.4± 39.7± −3.1e −6.8 40.3± 39.8± .6e −3.6 37.8± 39.7± −.9e −6.5
  score 2.2 .7 to 2.3 .7 to 2.1 .8 to 2.9 .7 to
  (M±SE) 1.5 .6 4.8 4.8
 Poor or fair 86 52 8.2 2.3 74 54 3.0 1.0 51 55 1.2 .5 57 55 1.1 .4
  general to to to to
  health 28.9 8.9 2.9 3.2
 Medical 1.7± 1.2± .5e −.3 1.9± 1.2± .3e −.5 2.1± 1.1± .9e −.2 1.0± 1.3± −.1e −.6
  comorbidity .4 .1 to .4 .1 to .6 .1 to .2 .1 to
  scoreg 1.3 1.0 2.0 .5
  (M±SE)
Health care
utilizationht
 Medical only 8.2± 7.7± −.8e −3.5 8.3± 7.8± −.9e −3.9 5.5± 7.8± −1.4e −4.6 7.7± 7.8± −.03e −3.2
 Outpa- 1.3 .5 to 1.8 .5 to 1.3 .6 to 1.6 .5 to
  tient 1.9 2.0 1.8 3.1
  visits
(M±SE)
  Any ER 39 28 1.4 .6 41 28 1.7 .7 39 27 2.6 1.01 35 28 1.3 .5
  visits to to to to
3.1 4.2 6.7 3.7
 Any hos- 9 12 .4 .1 11 12 .4 .1 19 11 2.0 .6 7 12 .7 .1
  pital ad- to to to to
  missions 2.0 3.1 6.2 3.4
Psychiatric
treatment
 Outpatient 2.4± 1.2± .4e −2.3 2.9± 1.2± .6e −1.9 .4± 1.4± −.3e −1.3 1.7± 1.3± .3e −2.6
  visits 1.0 .4 to 1.4 .4 to .2 .4 to 1.0 .4 to
  (M±SE) 3.1 3.2 .7 3.2
 Any ER 12 3 6.4 1.1 21 3 8.5 2.0 8 3 8.0 1.3 7 4 3.0 .3
  visits to to to to
36.0 36.9 49.8 27.1
 Any hos- 15 4 3.8 .8 21 4 4.2 .9 5 4 2.0 .3 10 4 3.1 .7
  pital ad- to to to to
  missions 19.0 19.3 12.6 13.7
a

The percentages are weighted to account for attrition at follow-up. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) are for the group with a positive screen; they were generated from a logistic regression that used weighted data and controlled for gender, age group, ethnicity (Hispanic versus non-Hispanic), education, income, and time between baseline and follow-up interview. Ns for some screening diagnoses sum to less than 348 because of missing data.

b

Based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV

c

The test could not be calculated because of a zero cell.

d

The Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) scores are expressed as T scores in relation to national norms (mean±SD=50±10), with higher scores indicating better functioning.

e

Expected score difference (with 95% confidence interval) for the group with the positive screen; generated from a linear regression that used weighted data and controlled for gender, age group, ethnicity (Hispanic versus non-Hispanic), education, income, and time between baseline and follow-up interview.

f

Sheehan Disability Scale. Possible scores range from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating greater functional impairment.

g

Charlson Comorbidity Index score. Higher scores indicate greater medical comorbidity. Based on ICD-9 codes in patients’ records during the year before follow-up. Sample range, 0–11

h

Data from hospital administrative records during the year before follow-up. ER, emergency room