. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 17.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2009 Mar;8(3):235–253. doi: 10.1038/nrd2792

Table 2.

The physiology of FGFs

Fibroblast growth factor (FgF)	Phenotype of knockout mouse	Physiological role
FGF1	Normal⁶⁹	Not established
FGF2	Loss of vascular tone Slight loss of cortex neurons^72–73	Not established
FGF3	Inner ear agenesis in humans⁹	Inner ear development⁹
FGF4	Embryonic lethal¹²⁸	Cardiac valve leaflet formation Limb development^126–128
FGF5	Abnormally long hair¹²⁹	Hair growth cycle regulation^129–131
FGF6	Defective muscle regeneration¹³³	Myogenesis^132,133
FGF7	Matted hair Reduced nephron branching in kidney^137,138	Branching morphogenesis¹³⁸
FGF8	Embryonic lethal¹⁶²	Brain, eye, ear and limb development^160,161
FGF9	Postnatal death Gender reversal Lung hypoplasia¹⁷⁰	Gonadal development Organogenesis^170,171
FGF10	Failed limb and lung development¹⁴²	Branching morphogenesis¹⁴²
FGF16	Embryonic lethal¹⁷²	Heart development¹⁷²
FGF17	Abnormal brain development¹⁶³	Cerebral and cerebellar development¹⁶³
FGF18	Delayed long-bone ossification^164,165	Bone development^164,165
FGF19	Increased bile acid pool¹⁸⁹	Bile acid homeostasis Lipolysis Gall bladder filling^{3,6,197–201}
FGF20	No knockout model	Neurotrophic factor¹⁷⁵
FGF21	No knockout model	Fasting response Glucose homeostasis Lipolysis and lipogenesis^4,208–225
FGF22	No knockout model	Presynaptic neural organizer¹⁴³
FGF23	Hyperphosphataemia Hypoglycaemia Immature sexual organs^185,235	Phosphate homeostasis Vitamin D homeostasis^226–261