Table 3.

Changes in neuronal activity induced by cathodal tDCS relative to sham tDCS

	Talairach coordinates in MNI space
Region	Side	x	y	z	Z-value
Cathodal tDCS > sham tDCS
Frontal pole	R	36	66	2	5.9
Superior temporal sulcus	R	62	−16	−8	5.69
Lateral occipital sulcus	L	−32	−72	18	6.69
Cerebellum (VI)	L	−26	−58	−16	5.76
	R	36	−52	−22	5.49
Cerebellar vermis		−4	−56	−12	5.12
Caudate	R	18	16	10	6.32
Sham tDCS > cathodal tDCS
Deep central sulcus	R	50	2	26	5.97
Dorsal premotor cortex	R	20	−14	66	6.71
Ventral premotor cortex	R	50	12	38	5.15
	L	−34	8	34	5.11
Pre-SMA	R	8	48	52	5.08
	L	−4	30	46	6.05
Rostral cingulate sulcus	R	4	36	32	4.91
Superior frontal sulcus	L	−24	44	32	5.78
Prefrontal cortex	R	38	46	22	5.07
Medial parietal cortex	R	2	−60	42	5.6
Superior temporal gyrus	L	−60	−36	20	5.95
Superior temporal sulcus	L	−54	−30	2	5.79
Parieto-occipital sulcus	L	−2	−80	46	5.27
Thalamus (mediodorsal)	R	6	−20	8	> 8.0
Putamen	L	−20	2	12	5.92
Caudate	L	−16	0	16	6.88

All co-ordinates (in standard stereotactic space) refer to maximally activated foci as indicated by the highest Z-score within a cluster of activations. x, distance (mm) to right (+) or left (−) of midsagital line; y, distance anterior (+) or posterior (−) to vertical plane through the anterior commissure; z, distance above (+) or below (−) the intercommissural (AC–PC) line. The AC–PC line is the horizontal line between the anterior and posterior commissures. All voxels are significant at P < 0.05 (corrected for multiple comparisons across whole brain). R, right; L, left; SMA, supplementary motor area.