Table 1.
Reactions participating in the aerobic oxidation of GSH by peroxynitrite that were used in the simulation of Figure 1.
| Reactiona | Rate constant | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Reactions involved in peroxynitrite decay | ||
| ONOOH → •NO2 + •OH | 0.27 s−1 b | [47] |
| ONOOH → NO3− + H+ | 0.63 s−1 b | [47] |
| •OH + NO2− → •NO2 + OH− | 6 × 109 M−1 s−1 | [58] |
| 2 •NO2 ⇌ N2O4 | 4.5 × 108 M−1 s−1 (f) c; 6.9 × 103 s−1 (r) | [58] |
| N2O4 + H2O → NO2− + NO3− + H+ | 1 × 103 s−1 | [162] |
| •NO2 + O2•− ⇌ O2NOO− | 4.5 × 109 M−1 s−1 (f); 1.1s−1 (r) | [44] [163] |
| O2NOO− → O2 + NO2− | 1.3s−1 | [44] [163] |
| 2 O2•− + 2 H+ → O2 + H2O2 | 2 × 105 M−1 s−1 | [164] |
| ONOO− + CO2 → •NO2 + CO3•− | 1.6 × 104 M−1 s−1 d | [43] |
| ONOO− + CO2 → •NO3− + CO2 | 3.0 × 104 M−1 s−1 d | [43] |
| CO3•− + •NO2 → NO2− + CO2 | 1 × 109 M−1 s−1 | [58] |
| CO3•− + O2•− → CO32− + O2 | 6.5 × 108 M−1 s−1 | [58] |
| Additional reactions in the presence of GSH | ||
| GSH+ ONOOH → GSOH + NO2− | 1.35 × 103 M−1 s−1 | [47,51] |
| GSOH + GSH → GSSG + OH− | 1 × 105 M−1 s−1 | [165] |
| GSH + H2O2 → GSOH + OH− | 0.87 M−1 s−1 | [166] |
| GSH + •NO2 → GS• + NO2− + H+ | 2 × 107 M−1 s−1 | [75] |
| GSH + •OH → GS• + H2O | 2.3 × 1010 M−1 s−1 | [58] |
| GSH + O2•− → GS• + H2O2 | 200 M−1 s−1 f | [167] |
| GSH + CO3•− → GS• + CO32− | 5.3 × 106 M−1 s−1 | [58] |
| GS•+ GS• → GSSG | 7.5 × 108 M−1 s−1 | [168] |
| GS•+ GSH ⇌ GSSG•− | 1 × 108 M−1 s−1 (f); 2.5 × 105 s−1 (r) | [169] |
| GS• + O2 → GSOO• | 2 × 109 M−1 s−1 | [170] |
| GS• + •NO → GSNO | 1 × 109 M−1 s−1 e | [171] |
| GS• + •NO2 → GSNO2 | 3 × 109 M−1 s−1 e | [171] |
| GSSG•− + O2 → GSSG + O2•− | 1.6 × 108 M−1 s−1 | [172] |
| GSOO• + GSH → + GSO• + GSOH | 2 × 106 M−1 s−1 | [173] |
Reactions were considered at neutral pH and 37 °C when data were available.
Calculated considering the rate constant for peroxynitrous acid decay (0.9 s−1 at pH 7.4) [47] and the radical yield (30 %) [32,33].
(f) and (r) represent forward and reverse kinetic constants, respectively.
Calculated considering the rate constant for the reaction of ONOO− with CO2 (k = 4.6 × 104 M−1 s−1) [43] and the radical yields (34 and 66 %) [45,171,174]e. The rate constants for the recombination reaction of GS• with •NO and •NO2 were estimated to be similar to that of the recombination reaction of •NO and •NO2 with tyrosyl radicals respectively, as reported previously [45,171,174].