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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Contemp Clin Trials. 2014 Mar 12;38(1):37–50. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2014.02.006

Figure 1. A paradigm for how adequate vitamin D status in pregnancy and in early life may prevent the development of asthma and allergies.

Figure 1

Vitamin D has been shown to affect in utero lung growth and development. Since the lung continues to develop post-natally, this vitamin D effect likely persists through this period. This paradigm also accounts for the effects of vitamin D on the developing immune system, on innate immune responses, and the anti-inflammatory effects. Reprinted with permission from Litonjua26.