Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study cohort grouped by clinical disease status
| Variable | Controls | MCI | AD | Significance p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects, n (%) |
18 (26.9) |
33 (49.3) |
16 (23.9) |
n.a. |
| Female gender, n (%) |
4 (22.2) |
13 (39.4) |
8 (50.0) |
0.233* |
| Age in years, mean (SD) |
81.5 (3.4) |
81.4 (6.1) |
81.9 (5.8) |
0.946 |
| Years of education, mean (SD) |
13.5 (1.9) |
11.3 (4.1) |
10.0 (3.8) |
0.018 |
| JVR positive, n (%) |
13 (72.2) |
24 (72.7) |
7 (43.8) |
0.106* |
| MMSE, mean (SD) |
28.0 (1.5) |
26.2 (1.9) |
20.3 (2.8) |
<0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) |
12 (66.7) |
17 (51.5) |
11 (68.8) |
0.401* |
| Diabetes, n (%) |
3 (16.7) |
6 (18.2) |
3 (18.8) |
0.986* |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) |
3 (16.7) |
3 (0.9) |
7 (43.8) |
0.015* |
| Smoking, n (%) |
1 (0.6) |
1 (3.0) |
0 (0.0) |
0.637* |
| Normalized WB volume, mean (SD) |
1342.1 (50.6) |
1308.9 (62.1) |
1291.6 (51.3) |
0.034 |
| Normalized GM volume, mean (SD) |
728.1 (35.7) |
715.3 (44.1) |
698.0 (37.5) |
0.104 |
| Normalized WM volume, mean (SD) |
614.1 (27.7) |
593.6 (34.3) |
593.6 (29.7) |
0.072 |
| CSF volume | 383.4 (47.0) | 358.1 (60.1) | 372.7 (72.9) | 0.346 |
MCI Mild cognitive impairment, AD Alzheimer’s disease, JVR Jugular venous reflux, MMSE Mini-mental state examination, WB Whole brain, GM Gray matter, WM White matter, CSF Cerebrospinal fluid.
All volumes are expressed in milliliters.
ANOVA One-way analysis of variance, n.a. Not applicable, SD Standard deviation, n Number, % - Percentage.
p value determined by one-way ANOVA unless otherwise stated.
*p value determined using chi square test.