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. 2015 Apr 14;4:e05457. doi: 10.7554/eLife.05457

Figure 3. FOF Infusions.

(A) Top-down view of rat cortex with the locations of the FOF and the PPC, into which cannulae were implanted. (B) Bilateral infusion of muscimol into the FOF results in a substantial impairment on accumulation trials but has no effect on side LED trials. In black are data from control sessions 1 day before an infusion (n = 8 sessions, 4 rats). In blue are data from bilateral FOF infusions (n = 8 sessions, 4 rats, 75 ng per side). The circles with error bars indicate the mean ± s.e. across sessions. Accumulation trials are binned by #R − #L clicks, spaced so there are equal number of trials in each bin. The lines are a 4-parameter sigmoid fit to the data. (C) Unilateral infusion of muscimol into the FOF results in a profound ipsilateral bias on accumulation trials but has no effect on side LED trials. In black are data from control sessions 1 day before an infusion (n = 34 sessions, 12 rats). In red are data from right FOF infusions (n = 17 sessions, 12 rats, 150 or 300 ng). In green are data from left FOF infusions (n = 17 sessions, 12 rats, 150 or 300 ng).

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05457.007

Figure 3.

Figure 3—figure supplement 1. Cannula coordinates and histology.

Figure 3—figure supplement 1.

(A–C) The targets of cannula implants for group 1,2, and 3 with the list of the rats in each group. (D) A birds-eye view of rat T061's brain after fixation and removal from the skull. The AP and ML locations of the cannula are clearly visible by eye. Each line of the brain blocker marks 1 mm. The blue cross marks the approximate location of Bregma. (E) Coronal section of a rat brain that had been infused through the implanted FOF cannula with two colors (‘red’ on the left and ‘blue’ on the right) of Alexa Fluor-conjugated cholera toxin-B subunit, a fluorescent tracer. The rat was perfused 1 week after infusion of tracer. The tracer has labelled cells along the AP axis of the FOF. Shown here is a section from 2.5 mm anterior to Bregma (Paxinos and Watson, 2004). Note, that in the nomenclature of Paxinos and Watson (2004) the area that we describe as the FOF is considered to be part of M2. In the bottom left corner, the top of another coronal section overlaps with the shown section.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05457.008
Figure 3—figure supplement 2. Timeline of bias for each rat.

Figure 3—figure supplement 2.

Each point of the figure is the bias for a single session (%Right − %Left Correct). The number at the beginning of the x-axis indicates the days passed since surgical implantation with cannula. Control non-infusion days are shown as black dots. Right infusions are shown in red, Left infusions are shown in green. Bilateral infusions are shown in blue. For the simultaneous bilateral FOF and unilateral PPC infusions, the color indicates the side of the PPC infusion as in Figure 4C. Stars indicated PPC infusions, Diamonds indicate FOF infusions. Hollow markers indicate an infusion session where the subject did not perform enough trials to analyze. The bottom x-labels describe the details (side, region and dose) of each infusion. The top x-labels indicate the number of days passed from cannula surgery. If infusions generate an ipsilateral bias then red markers should be above zero and green markers below zero.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05457.009
Figure 3—figure supplement 3. FOF infusions cause profound impairment in the clicks task.

Figure 3—figure supplement 3.

The psychometric data and GLMM model fits for bilateral FOF infusions in each rat (n = 4). Open circles are binned data from accumulation trials and the small points are the predictions of the GLMM fits at sampled data points. (A) In black are the isoflurane control fits and in blue are the bilateral infusion fits. In every rat the slope of the bilateral infusions is shallower than in the isoflurane controls. In three of four rats there was also a shift, likely due to the challenge of performing perfectly balanced bilateral infusions. In three of four rats (All but A066) the difference between performance between bilateral FOF and isoflurane is significantly different. (B) The psychometric data and GLMM model fits for unilateral FOF infusions in each rat (n = 12). Open circles are binned data from accumulation trials and the small points are the predictions of the GLMM fits at sampled data points. In red are the right infusion data and fits and in green are the left infusion data and fits. In every rat the right infusions result in more rightward responses on accumulation trials than the left infusions.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05457.010