Table 2.
Odds ratios and 95% CI of maternal hospitalization with infection during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorders in birth cohorts 1984–2007 in the Swedish population.
| Unexposed | N, ASD / non-ASD | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| 23,511 / 2,285,347 | 1 (Reference) | |
| Any inpatient diagnosis | ||
| Any infection | 903 / 61,642 | 1.37 (1.28, 1.47) |
| Bacterial | 574 / 37,950 | 1.38 (1.27, 1.50) |
| Viral | 161 / 8,980 | 1.54 (1.31, 1.81) |
| Other | 189 / 15,924 | 1.22 (1.05, 1.41) |
| Site-specific | ||
| CNS | 7 / 549 | 1.14 (0.54, 2.42) |
| Gastrointestinal | 75 / 5,502 | 1.21 (0.96, 1.52) |
| Genitourinary | 68 / 5,107 | 1.12 (0.88, 1.44) |
| Respiratory | 88 / 5,992 | 1.32 (1.07, 1.64) |
| Skin | 20 / 1,245 | 1.46 (0.93, 2.27) |
Odds ratios and 95% CI are estimated from logistic regression models with clustered robust standard errors. The reference group for each OR is mothers without any inpatient diagnosis of infection during pregnancy. Modelsare adjusted for maternal age, paternal age, birth parity, birth year, sex of child, household income quintile, maternal country of origin, maternal history of psychiatric services prior to start of pregnancy, and maternal hospitalizations in the year prior to start of pregnancy