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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 4.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2010 Dec 15;123(4):e18–e209. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182009701

Table 22-2.

Costs of Total CVD in Billions of Dollars by Age and Sex: United States, 2007

Sex Age, y


Total Males Females <65 ≥65
Direct costs 167.4 86.4 81.0 74.6 92.8
Indirect mortality 119.2 91.3 27.9 103.0 16.2
Total 286.6 177.7 108.9 177.6 109.0

CVD indicates cardiovascular disease.

Numbers may not add due to rounding.

Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. All estimates prepared by Thomas Thom and Michael Mussolino, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.