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. 2015 Apr 22;5:186–194. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.04.004

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© 2015 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 2 — Pathways of cysteine metabolism; cysteine is derived from extracellular cystine via the x_c⁻ cystine glutamate exchanger and from methionine, via the transsulphuration pathway. Cysteine is the precursor for GSH, hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) and taurine.CβS, cystathionine-β-synthase; CDO, cysteine dioxygenase; CγL, cystathionine-γ-lyase; CSA, cysteine sulphinic acid; GCS, γ-glutamylcysteine synthase; GS, glutathione synthase; GSH, glutathione; SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine; THF, tetrahydrofolate.