Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the sample
| Demographic variables | Control group (n = 79) | Depressive-symptom group (n = 24) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (m, SD) | 31.42 (4.72) | 31.67 (4.42) |
| Education (n, %) | ||
| GCSE/O-level | 1 (2.5) | – |
| A-level | 2 (2.5) | 1 (4.2) |
| Undergraduate degree | 29 (36.7) | 4 (29.2) |
| NVQ | 4 (5.1) | 3 (12.5) |
| Postgraduate degree | 43 (54.4) | 13 (54.2) |
| Ethnicity (n, %) | ||
| Caucasian | 76 (96.2) | 18 (75) |
| Black | – | 1 (4.2) |
| Asian | 2 (2.5) | 3 (12.5) |
| Chinese | – | 2 (8.3) |
| Mixed Race | 1 (1.3) | – |
| Alcohol units/week (n, %) | ||
| None | 67 (84.8) | 19 (79.2) |
| 1–5 | 12 (15.2) | 5 (20.8) |
| Cigarettes/week (n, %) | ||
| None | 65 (82.3) | 21 (87.5) |
| Did not respond | 14 (17.7) | 3 (12.5) |
| Trimester (n, %) | ||
| Second | 41 (51.9) | 9 (37.5) |
| Third | 38 (48.1) | 14 (62.5) |
| Planned pregnancy (n, %) | 67 (84.8) | 21 (87.5) |
| Previous history of mental health problems (n, %) | 17 (21.5) | 12 (50) |
| Prenatal depression (m, SD) | 3.95 (2.99) | 13.58 (3.49) |
Prenatal depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
GCSE general certificate in secondary education, NVQ national vocational qualification