Table 3.
Measured Hazard Ratios (HR) for Selected Types of Autoimmune Disease (AID) from a Multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Model
| Type of AID (x/y)a | Comparison group reference | Chronic insomnia group HR (95 % CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| All types of AID (860/482) | 1 | 1.7 (1.5–1.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (212/164) | 1 | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 0.0073 |
| SLE (39/29) | 1 | 1.4 (0.9–2.3) | 0.1432 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis (5/6) | 1 | 2.0 (0.6–6.6) | 0.2574 |
| Polymyositis/dermatomyositis (31/23) | 1 | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 0.4703 |
| Multiple sclerosis (6/5) | 1 | 1.5 (0.4–5.1) | 0.5044 |
| Vasculitisb (3/3) | 1 | 1.3 (0.2–7.0) | 0.7436 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis (14/9) | 1 | 1.1 (0.5–2.5) | 0.8542 |
| Behçet’s disease (8/5) | 1 | 1.0 (0.3–3.0) | 0.9677 |
| Myasthenia gravis (3/2) | 1 | 0.9 (0.1–5.5) | 0.9139 |
| Systemic sclerosis (2/1) | 1 | 0.7 (0.1–9.4) | 0.8074 |
| Guillain–Barré syndrome (14/7) | 1 | 0.9 (0.3–2.1) | 0.7365 |
| Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (33/14) | 1 | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.4637 |
| Graves’ disease (50/23) | 1 | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.2650 |
| Uveitis (108/46) | 1 | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.0341 |
Model adjusted for sex, age group, household insurance premium, urbanization level, smoking-related diagnoses, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, and depression
a(x/y): number of AID in the comparison cohort/number of AID in the insomnia cohort. A participant could have more than one subtype of AID except for primary Sjögren’s syndrome
bVasculitis includes hypersensitivity angiitis and anti-GBM antibody-mediated disease
CI confidence interval, SLE systemic lupus erythematosus