. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Neurol. 2016 Jul 25;80(3):379–387. doi: 10.1002/ana.24719

Table 1.

Demographics and biomarker data.

Characteristic	PIB−	PIB converter	PIB+	sAD	P-value^a
No.	123	20	21	10
Baseline age, yrs	63.1 ± 9.4³^,⁴	65.9 ± 6.5⁴	69.5 ± 5.6¹	72.9 ± 6.1¹^,²	<0.0001
Gender, M, %	35.0	30.0	38.1	30.0	0.9404
Education, yrs	16.0 ± 2.4⁴	15.6 ± 2.4⁴	16.1 ± 2.3⁴	13.5 ± 2.7¹^,²^,³	0.0451
Family history of AD, %	50.8³^,⁴	79.0¹	52.4⁴	100¹^,³	0.0020
APOE ɛ4, positive, %	22.0³^,⁴	55.0¹	52.4¹	90.0¹	<0.0001
PIB scan interval, yrs	5.6 ± 1.9³	5.2 ± 1.1³	2.07 ± 2.0¹	NA	<0.0001
MMSE	29.3 ± 1.0⁴	29.3 ± 0.9⁴	28.8 ± 1.5⁴	23.2 ± 5.9¹^,²^,³	<0.0001
FCSRT-Free Recall	32.2 ± 5.8^b^, ⁴	31.3 ± 5.3⁴	29.4 ± 5.8⁴	17.3 ± 5.2^c^, ¹^,²^,³	<0.0001
Animal Naming^d	22.2 ± 5.2^b^, ⁴	22.5 ± 4.8⁴	21.1 ± 5.8⁴	12.9 ± 7.6¹^,²^,³	<0.0001
CSF
Aβ42, pg/ml	718 ± 194²^,³^,⁴	570 ± 194¹^,³^,⁴	373 ± 117¹^,²	338 ± 84¹^,²	<0.0001
tau, pg/ml	227 ± 103²^,³^,⁴	281 ± 100¹^,³^,⁴	424 ± 169¹^,²^,⁴	600 ± 194¹^,²^,³	<0.0001
p-tau181, pg/ml	46 ± 19³^,⁴	52 ± 16³^,⁴	71 ± 27¹^,²	84 ± 27¹^,²	<0.0001
tau/Aβ42	0.32 ± 0.13²^,³^,⁴	0.56 ± 0.28¹^,³^,⁴	1.24 ± 0.60¹^,²^,⁴	1.82 ± 0.57¹^,²^,³	<0.0001
p-tau181/Aβ42	0.07 ± 0.03²^,³^,⁴	0.10 ± 0.05¹^,³^,⁴	0.20 ± 0.10¹^,²	0.25 ± 0.07¹^,²	<0.0001
PIB, baseline SUVR
Mean Cortical	0.97 ± 0.07²^,³^,⁴	1.13 ± 0.12¹^,³^,⁴	2.24 ± 0.60¹^,²^,⁴	2.96 ± 0.66¹^,²^,³	<0.0001
Prefrontal	0.95 ± 0.08²^,³^,⁴	1.13 ± 0.17¹^,³^,⁴	2.36 ± 0.69¹^,²^,⁴	2.96 ± 0.29¹^,²^,³	<0.0001
Parietal	1.0 ± 0.09²^,³^,⁴	1.10 ± 0.16¹^,³^,⁴	2.21 ± 0.57¹^,²^,⁴	2.82 ± 0.61¹^,²^,³	<0.0001
Temporal	0.97 ± 0.08²^,³^,⁴	1.06 ± 0.09¹^,³^,⁴	1.80 ± 0.57¹^,²^,⁴	2.44 ± 0.45¹^,²^,³	<0.0001
Occipital	1.16 ± 0.12³^,⁴	1.22 ± 0.17³^,⁴	1.41 ± 0.34¹^,²	1.63 ± 0.36¹^,²	0.0001

Abbreviations: Aβ, β-amyloid; APOE, apolipoprotein E; PIB converter, CDR 0 PIB-negative at baseline but PIB-positive at follow-up; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination (scores can range from 0–30, with 30 a perfect score); PIB−, CDR 0 PIB-negative at baseline and follow-up; PIB+, CDR 0 PIB-positive at baseline and follow-up; sAD, CDR>0 symptomatic AD; FCSRT-Free Recall, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (scores can range from 0–48, with 48 a perfect score); SUVR, standard uptake value ratio.

Omnibus test of overall group differences based on ANOVA for continuous characteristics and logistic/exact logistic regression for dichotomous characteristics.

post-hoc p<0.05 compared to PIB−;

post-hoc p<0.05 compared to PIB converter;

post-hoc p<0.05 compared to PIB+;

⁴

post-hoc p<0.05 compared to sAD.

n=121

n=8

Higher scores on Animal Naming are indicative of better performance.