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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 2.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015 May 29;23(6):602–612. doi: 10.1177/2047487315588758

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of the 12 studies that evaluated the association between PM2.5 and atherosclerosis.

First author and year Outcome Country Study design Data collection N Age, years Mean (SD/range) % female Data source Baseline exposure level (mg/m3)
Adar 201312 a CIMT USA Longitudinal 2000–2005 5362 62 (10) 52 MESA 16.6
Bauer 201013 CIMT Germany Cross-sectional 2000–2003 3380 60 (7.7) 48 HNRS 16.8
Breton 201214 CIMT USA Cross-sectional 2007–2009 768 20 (1.5) 59 TROY 15.7
Sun 201319 CIMT USA Cross-sectional 2000–2002 6256 62 (45–84) 52 MESA 13.66
Diez Roux 2008 20a CIMT USA Longitudinal 2000–2002 5037 62 (45–84) 53 MESA 16.7
Künzli 200521 CIMT USA Cross-sectional 1998–2003 798 59 (9.8) 45 VEAPS & BVAIT 20.3
Lenters 201022 CIMT Netherlands Longitudinal 1999–2000 745 28 (0.9) 53 Not reported 20.7
Künzli 201023a CIMT USA Longitudinal 1995–2007 1438 59 (9.6) 63 Five trialsb 20.79
Allen 200924 a AAC USA Cross-sectional 2000–2002 1147 66 (9.4) 50 MESA 15.8
Kälsch 201425 a TAC Germany Cross-sectional 2000–2003 4238 60 (7.8) 50 HNRS 16.62
Sun 201319 CAC USA Cross-sectional 2000–2002 6256 62 (45–84) 52 MESA 13.66
Diez Roux 2008 20a CAC USA Cross-sectional 200–2002 2149 62 (45–84) 53 MESA 16.7
Hoffmann 200726 CAC Germany Cross-sectional 200–2003 4494 60 (7.8) 51 HNRS 22.8
Hoffmann 200927 ABI Germany Cross-sectional 200–2003 4348 60 (7.8) 51 HNRS 22.8
Diez Roux 2008 20 ABI USA Cross-Sectional 2000–2002 2149 62 (45–84) 52 MESA 16.7
a

Study was excluded from the meta-analysis due to cohort overlap.

b

The five trials included in Kunzli 2010 are: B-vitamin Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial (BVAIT), Vitamin E Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (VEAPS), Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis Trial (EPAT), Troglitazone Atherosclerosis Regression Trial (TART), Women’s Estrogen-Progestin Lipid-Lowering Hormone Atherosclerosis Regression Trial (WELL-HART). PM2.5: particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm; CIMT: carotid intima media thickness; CAC: coronary artery calcification; ABI: ankle-brachial index; HNRS: Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study; MESA: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; TROY: Testing Responses On Youth study