Fig. 3.
The metabolic requirements of innate immune cells. Neutrophils are more dependent on glycolysis to provide rapid bursts of energy that are necessary for ROS production. Monocytes can use mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis to meet the energetic demands which vary according to whether the immune response is in an inflammatory or resolution phase. Lymphocytes such as T cells are largely reliant on oxidative phosphorylation however, can invoke amino acid metabolism to support this at times of high energy demand (Adapted from Kramer et al., 2013).