. 2018 Feb 15;10:36. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00036

Table 2.

Results of the 3 × 2 ANOVA of APA characteristics, first step kinematics, gait speed, and postural sway measures.

Variable	Condition	PD+FOG	PD-FOG	HC	F	p-value	F	p-value	F	p-value
					Group effect		Condition effect		Interaction effect

ML size of APA (g)	Single task	0.032 (0.014)	0.034 (0.013)	0.044 (0.018)	10.900	<0.001^∗∗	0.262	0.610	2.825	0.066
	Dual task	0.024 (0.008)^a,b	0.038 (0.021)^a	0.045 (0.013)^b
AP size of APA (g)	Single task	0.032 (0.018)	0.042 (0.022)	0.041 (0.023)	4.600	0.013^∗	0.889	0.349	0.828	0.441
	Dual task	0.027 (0.015)^c	0.043 (0.025)^c	0.040 (0.015)
APA duration (s)	Single task	0.68 (0.49)	0.74 (0.57)	0.73 (0.79)	0.628	0.537	0.393	0.532	0.086	0.918
	Dual task	0.61 (0.22)	0.64 (0.33)	0.55 (0.20)
Latency (s)	Single task	0.79 (0.51)	0.87 (0.58)	0.83 (0.78)	1.925	0.153	0.004	0.947	0.342	0.711
	Dual task	0.78 (0.25)	0.78 (0.33)	0.64 (0.17)
First step range of motion (°)	Single task	27.3 (8.6)^d,e	33.4 (6.2)^d	40.7 (5.9)^d,g	23.256	<0.001^∗∗	15.661	<0.001^∗∗	1.452	0.241
	Dual task	26.1 (8.9)^e,f	33.0 (6.2)^f	38.5 (5.1)^f,g
First step time (s)	Single task	0.36 (0.10)	0.41 (0.12)	0.36 (0.10)	0.886	0.416	2.663	0.107	0.809	0.449
	Dual task	0.43 (0.16)	0.41 (0.18)	0.38 (0.09)
Gait speed (m/s)	Single task	0.87 (0.19)^h,l	0.93 (0.15)^i,m	1.12 (0.14)^h,i,n	15.521	<0.001^∗∗	113.894	<0.001^∗∗	0.803	0.452
	Dual task	0.76 (0.18)^j,l	0.82 (0.15)^k,m	0.97 (0.14)^j,k,n
Postural sway length ML (m/s²)	Single task	3.77 (2.36)^o	3.79 (2.07)^p	3.07 (1.23)^q	0.128	0.880	66.357	<0.001^∗∗	9.826	<0.001^∗
	Dual task	4.39 (1.90)^o	4.65 (2.50)^p	6.33 (3.81)^q
Postural sway RMS ML (m/s²)	Single task	0.023 (0.015)	0.024 (0.011)^r	0.024 (0.014)^s	0.949	0.392	31.939	<0.001^∗∗	2.357	0.102
	Dual task	0.024 (0.009)	0.033 (0.020)^r	0.033 (0.021)^s
Postural sway MV ML (m/s)	Single task	0.036 (0.038)	0.032 (0.023)	0.034 (0.033)	1.352	0.265	5.517	0.021^∗	0.993	0.375
	Dual task	0.031 (0.023)	0.047 (0.037)	0.035 (0.030)

Values represent mean (SD). ^∗Significantly different (p < 0.05); ^∗∗Significantly different (p < 0.001); significant post hoc comparisons (Holm–Bonferroni adjusted for multiple comparisons): ^c,gp < 0.05; ^{a,d,e,f,o,p,r}p < 0.01; ⁱp < 0.001; ^{b,h,j,k,l,m,n,q,s}p < 0.0001.