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. 2018 Feb 21;9:589. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-02887-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Existing, ongoing, or planned data sets including structural and/or functional neuroimaging data from ~500 or more children or adolescents. These data sets, which represent both prospective and retrospective samples, include the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study⁸³ (ABCD; USA), Healthy Brain Network⁸² (HBN; USA), Lifespan Human Connectome Project Development⁸⁰ (HCP-D; USA), National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence¹⁴⁹ (NCANDA; USA), Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics study¹⁵⁰ (PING; USA), Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort¹⁵¹ (PNC; USA), Saguenay Youth Study¹⁵² (SYS; Canada), High Risk Cohort Study for the Development of Childhood Psychiatric Disorders¹⁵³ (HRC; Brazil), Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange⁸¹ (ABIDE; USA, Germany, Ireland, Belgium, Netherlands), Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis¹⁵⁴ (ENIGMA; worldwide), IMAGEN⁷⁹ (England, Ireland, France, Germany), Dutch YOUth cohort (part of the Consortium on Individual Development, or CID; Netherlands), Generation R Study¹⁵⁵ (Gen R; Netherlands), NeuroIMAGE¹⁵⁶ (follow-up of the Dutch arm of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics, or IMAGE, project; Netherlands), Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (c-VEDA; UK, India), Consortium for Reliability and Reproducibility¹⁵⁷ (CoRR; China, USA, Canada, Germany), and ADHD-200¹⁰⁸ (USA, China). Although samples are distributed across the globe, African, Middle Eastern, South Asian, Oceanian, and Central and South American populations are underrepresented. Data collection efforts in these regions and others will be important for ensuring diverse, representative samples that will allow researchers to uncover general principles of the developing brain. (Map outline courtesy of Wikimedia user ‘Loadfile’ and is licensed under a CC BY SA 3.0 license)