Table S1.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
| Inclusion criteria: |
|---|
| • Women between 18 and 70 years of age |
| • Diagnosis of fibromyalgia by the 1990 ACR criteria (11/18 tender points) |
| • History of cervical or lumbar pain with fibromyalgia (this is expected in all patients because axial pain is required for diagnosis) |
| • Current stable treatment regimen for the last 4 weeks and projected stable treatment regimen for the next 2 months. |
| • English speaking |
|
Exclusion criteria: |
| • Current disease or a history of cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, endocrine, or renal disease that would preclude the involvement in the study. |
| • TENS use in the last 5 years |
| • Pacemaker |
| • Uncontrolled blood pressure or diabetes |
| • Neuropathic pain condition |
| • Systemic autoimmune disorder (lupus, PMR, RA, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis) |
| • Spinal fusion – cervical or lumbar |
| • Metal implants in the spine |
| • Severe skin allergy to adhesives |
| • Allergy to nickel or adhesives |
| • Pain level <4 |
| • Pregnancy |
| • Epilepsy |
| • Change in or new drug or treatment program within the last month or in the next 2 months – that is, must have a stable treatment plan |
Abbreviations: ACT, American College of Rheumatology; PMR, polymyalgia rheumatica; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; TENS, Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.